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Cabi.yle  Arms,  1370. 


CARLYLE  FAMILY 


AND 


DESCENDANTS   OF  JOHN    AND 
SARAH  (FAIRFAX)    CARLYLE. 

THE   CARLYLE    HOUSE    AND   ITS 
ASSOCLATIONS. 


RICHARD   HENRY  SPENCER. 

( 


KlCHMOM).  Va.: 
WHITTET  &  SIIKI'PEKHON. 

HMD. 


CS7f 


CARLYLE    FAMILY. 


The  Carlyle  family  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  famihes  of 
Great  Britain,  and  one  which  the  Conqueror  found  in  England 
at  the  Conquest,  and  a  branch  of  which  later  was  ennobled  in 
Scotland.  Its  origin  was  either  British  or  Saxon,  but  which 
seems  uncertain,  most  probably  British. 

While  the  name  is  clearly  derived  from  the  town  or  district 

^  of   Carlisle,  Lugavellum   of   the   Romans,  abbreviated  by   the 

"^    Britons  to  Luel  or  Leol,  to  which  was  added  the  prefix  Caer 

^.  or  "City" — hence   Caerleol,  Karleol.   Cairleil,   Carleil,   Carlile, 

>  Carlisle  and  Carlyle — with  which  the  earliest  recorded  mem- 

z  bers  of  the   family   were  connected,  there  is  no  trustworthy 

evidence  of  their  origin  or  their  history  before  the  year  1092, 

(^-,when  King  William  Rufus  overran  Cumberland,  adding  it  to 

■  ^  his  English  Kingdom,  and  being  impressed  with  its  importance 

1^   as  a  Border  military  station,  began  to  rebuild  and  fortify  the 

i   town  of  Caerleol   (Carlisle)  which  had  been  destroyed  by  the 

[4^   Danes  in  873,  and  which  was  among  the  most  ancient  of  the 

twenty-eight  cities  enumerated  in  history,  the  name  of  the  city. 

<\"  as  well   as  of  the   family,   being  variously   spelt   at   different 

1 '    periods. 

At  or  very  shortly  after  the  Conquest,  the  district  wherein 
u,    the  town  of  Caerleol  (Carlisle)  arose,  and  the  manor  of  Cum- 
°    quinton.   in   the  parish  of  Wetherhal,  Cumberland,  and  other 
±    lands,  including  Kirkhampton  his  principal  seat,  belonged  to 
one  IIiLDKKDUS  DE  Caerleol  or  DI-:  K.'VRLEOL.  a  cognomen  which 
descended  to  his  posterity.   He  is  said  to  have  married  a  grand- 
daughter of  Walthcof  the  Earl   of  Northumberland.     About 
T130,   "he   is    found   rendering   accounts   to   the    l''xche((ucr  of 
the   King's  manor  at  Carlisle,  dealing  also  with  the  wall  of 
the  city."     He  afterwards  acquired  Xewbie-on-the-Moor.     He 
was  succeeded  by  his  son. 

Odari)  dk  Kaki.koi.,  who  is  stated  to  have  been  in  the  Castle 


279560 


6  Carlyle    Family 

of  Carlisle  in  the  service  of  King  Henry  II.,  when  the  fortress 
was  besieged  by  King  William  of  Scotland  in  1174.  He  died 
before   1177,  leaving  at  least  two  sons,  Robert  and  Richard. 

Robert  de  Karleol,  the  eldest  son,  born  about  11 39,  held  the 
lands  of  Locardebi  or  Lockerbie,  in  Annandale,  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland,  given  to  him  by  Robert  de  Brus  (Bruce)  First  Lord 
of  Annandale,  and  they  seem  to  have  proved  a  cause  of  dis- 
pute between  the  grantor's  son  William  de  Brus,  Second  Lord 
of  Annandale  and  Adam  de  Karleol,  the  son  of  Robert.  Robert 
de  Karleol  is  a  witness  to  various  writs  by  William  de  Brus 
after  1194.  He  died  in  1209,  leaving  two  sons  xA-dam  and 
Odard. 

Among  the  Norman  followers  of  the  Conqueror  Robert  de 
Brus,  Jardine  and  Comyn  were  transferred  to  the  north  of 
England.  Here  these  Norman  settlers  intermarried  with  the 
Maxwells,  Murrays,  Carleils,  Kirkpatricks.  Irvings,  Grahams, 
Carrutherses  and  other  families  in  Drumfriesshire,  all  of  whom 
played  a  distinguished  part  in  Scottish  public  life. 

Miss  C.  L.  Johnstone  in  her  "Historical  Families  of  Dum- 
friesshire," 1889,  says:  "Early  in  the  12th  century  Robert  de 
Brus  held  the  title  of  the  Lord  of  the  valley  of  Annan  or 
Annandale.  Between  1170  and  1180,  William  de  Brus,  Second 
Lord  of  Annandale,  granted  lands  to  Adam  de  Caerleol,  a 
native  of  the  soil,  who  held  property  in  Cumberland  and  the 
lands  of  Newbie  in  Dumfriesshire ;  and  in  a  charter  of  Henry 
de  Graeme,  ancestor  of  the  Duke  of  Montrose,  the  district  of 
Dumfriesshire  from  Wamphray,  inclusive  to  Greistna  (Gretna) 
Greene,  is  granted  about  1180,  to  David  Carleil,  Lord  of 
Torthorwald.  "Twa  score  Carvels  (Carleils)  frae  Cockpool" 
are  mentioned  in  an  ancient  ballad  called  "The  Bedesman  of 
Nithsdale,"  as  having  followed  Richard  I.  of  England  to  the 
Crusades." 

Adam  de  Karleol,  before  mentioned,  son  of  Robert,  grand- 
son of  Odard,  and  great  grandson  of  Hildred.  is  the  first  of 
his  family  whose  connection  with  Scotland  is  clearly  estab- 
lished, though  his  father  Robert  as  has  already  been  stated 
held  lands  there,  and  he  was  the  first  to  possess  Kinmount, 


Carlyle    Famiia'  7 

Annaiulalc,  which  descended  to  his  family  for  several  genera- 
tions. His  wife's  name  was  ^latilda.  He  died  about  12 13, 
leaving  at  least  one  son. 

EuDO  DE  Caerleol,  who  is  on  record  in  1217,  when  his 
lands  in  Norfolk  were  ordered  to  be  bestowed  upon  Robert  de 
Vaux,  because  Eudo  was  with  the  King  of  Scots,  Alexander  H. 
then  at  variance  with  the  young  King  of  England,  Henry  HI., 
who  seized  the  lands,  but  the  confiscation  was  probably  not 
carried  out.     He  died  about  1230,  leaving  at  least  one  son. 

William  de  Caerleol,  who  is  first  named  in  a  writ  in  favor 
of  Robert  de  Brus,  Third  Lord  of  Annandale,  the  date  of 
which  cannot  be  later  than  1245,  and  he  was  then  a  Knight. 
Sometime  before  1252,  as  Sir  William,  son  of  Eudo  de  Caerleol, 
he  granted  to  a  relative  Adam,  son  of  Roger  de  Carliol,  an  an- 
nual rent  from  lands  in  Cumquinton,  which  Adam  afterwards 
bestowed  upon  the  monks  of  Wetherhal.  He  left  two  sons 
William  and  Eudo. 

William  de  Cajrleil,  the  eldest  son,  known  as  William  the 
younger  and  whose  wife's  name  was  Sapientia,  died  before  25 
June  1274,  and  apparently  in  the  lifetime  of  his  father,  leaving 
a  son. 

WiLLLXM  DE  Cairleil,  who  succccded  his  grandfather  and 
who  attained  the  honor  of  Knighthood  before  January, 
1304,  received  from  Robert  Bruce,  Earl  of  Carrick  and 
Lord  of  Annandale,  afterwards  King  Robert  L  of  Scotland,  an 
addition  to  his  estate  of  Kinmount.  His  wife  was  Lady  Mar- 
garet Bruce,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Carrick  and  sister  of 
King  Robert  L  as  is  evident  from  a  grant  of  that  monarch, 
"Guilielmus  Cairlylc  militi,  et  Margarctae  spousac  suae,  sorosi 
nostrae  carissima,  de  tcrris  dc  Crumanstoun."  He  died  be- 
fore March  1329.  Their  issue  so  far  as  known  were  two  sons 
William  and  John.  The  latter  is  said  to  have  been  at  the 
battle  of  Halidon  Mill,  but  he  died  before  1347,  leaving  a  son 
\\^illiam.  of  wlmm  later. 

WiLLLXM  ('aiklijl,  the  eldest  son.  is  first  referred  to  about 
T325.  as  son  and  heir  of  Sir  William  Cairlcil  and  as  "the 
King's   sister's   son,"   and   whr)   then   obtained    Ironi    I'ruce   his 


8  Carlvle    Family 

uncle  a  charter  of  the  lands  of  Coulyn  and  Roucan,  parts  of 
the  barony  of  Torthorwald.  He  died  before  24  July  1347, 
leaving  his  nephew  William,  son  of  his  brother  John  above 
mentioned  his  heir,  who  then  succeeded  to  the  estates  of  his 
uncle  William,  and  also  to  the  estates  of  his  father  John,  and 
all  the  possessions  of  the  family  appear  to  have  become  vested 
in  him.     He  left  a  son 

Sir  John  Carleil,  who  is  first  named  in  1398,  as  one  of 
the  conservators  of  a  truce  with  England.  He  died  about 
1433,  leaving  at  least  one  son 

Sir  William  Carleil  of  Torthorwald,^  who  is  named  as 
son  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Carleil  in  a  safe  conduct  of  date  3  Nov. 
141 3,  when  he  passed  into  England  as  one  of  several  hostages 
for  payment  of  a  debt  due  by  the  Countess  of  Douglas  to  an 
English  Knight.  While  his  father  was  still  alive  he,  as  Wil- 
liam Carleil  of  Torthorwald  entered  into  an  agreement,  sealed 
at  Dumfries  8  Mar.  1432/33,  with  Sir  Thomas  Kirkpatrick  (a 
Celtic  family  found  very  early  in  Scottish  history)  of  Close- 
burn,^  to  marry  William's  son  John  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas. 

1  An  old  stone,  with  a  cross-flory,  and  a  sword,  is  built  in  Torthor- 
wald Church,  and  another  stone  like  the  half  of  a  pillar  (the  other  half 
being  lost)  has  been  found  in  the  church-yard,  with  two  shields,  one 
with  the  Cairleil  cross  alone ;  the  other  quarterings  of  Carleil  and 
Bruce,  and  also  the  inscription  Mariota  de  Cair  .  .  .  and  the  date 
CCCLI  or  CCCCLI,  (1351  or  1451).  She  was  evidently  married  to  a 
Bruce,  a  bond  additional  to  that  of  the  marriage  of  Sir  William  to  the 
sister  of  King  Robert  I.  {The  Patrician,  edited  by  John  Burke.  London, 
1847.) 

-  Closeburn  was  granted  to  Ivon  Kirkpatrick  in  1232,  by  Alexander 
ii,  of  Scotland.  His  great  grandson  Roger  Kirkpatrick  was  the  Knight 
who,  in  order  to  make  sure,  dispatched  the  wounded  Comyn,  at  the  back 
of  the  High  Altar  in  the  Gray  Friar's  Church,  Dumfries,  in  1305,  who 
had  been  stabbed  by  Robert  Bruce,  who  charged  him  with  treachery 
revealing  to  Edward  I.  the  designs  he  had  formed  for  the  emancipation 
of  his  country  from  the  English  yoke.  Duncan  Kirkpatrick,  the  father 
of  this  Roger,  had  in  1280,  married  the  daughter  of  Sir  David  Carleil  of 
Torthorwald.  The  castle  contained  an  oubliette,  a  vaulted  dungeon  with 
only  one  aperture  in  the  top  for  the  admission  of  air,  in  which  per- 
sons were  confined  who  were  condemned  to  perpetual  punishment. 


Carlyi.e    Family  9 

This  Sir  William  Carleil  was  one  of  the  numerous  train 
of  Knights.  Esquires  and  Archers  who  attended  the  Princess 
Margaret,  daughter  of  James  I.  of  Scotland,  when  she  was 
married  to  the  Dauphin,  afterwards  Louis  XI.  24  June  1436. 
He  married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir  Duncan  Kirkpatrick. 
who  died  before  1436.  He  resided  at  Torthorwald  Castle,  now 
the  wreck  of  a  massive  keep  of  the  fourteenth  century,  four 
miles  east  of  Dumfries,  on  a  ridge  between  Xithsdale  and  An- 
nandale.  It  is  situated  on  a  mound  surrounded  by  ancient 
earthworks. 

"Lo!  on  that  moiind  in  days  of  feudal  pride. 
Thy  towering  castle  frown'd  above  the  tide." 

In  1443,  he  is  styled  Lord  of  Kinmount  and  Torthorwald. 
He  had  a  royal  charter  to  himself  and  his  heirs  of  the  lands  of 
Lymckilns,  in  Dumfriesshire,  25  April  1452. 

He  gave  a  bell  to  the  town  of  Dumfries,  bearing  the  in- 
scription in  old  Latin,  "Gmllielmns  dc  Carleil,  Doiii  dc  Torthor- 
zi'iild.  !iic  sicut  fecit  fieri,  in  liororciii.  Saiicti  Michaclis.  Aim. 
Dom.  MCCCCXLIII.  This  bell,  a  few  years  ago,  was  still 
in  existence.     He  died  before  10  Nov.  1463,  leaving  issue: 

1.  John,  who  succeeded. 

2.  Adam,  to  whom  was  left  P>rydekirk. 

3.  James,  Rector  of  Kirkpatrick. 

4.  Margaret,  m.  Sir.  William  Douglas,  Third  !\Iarquis  of 
Queen  sherry. 

Sir  h'lm  ( "ark'il,  the  eldest  son,  was  created  First  Lord 
Carleil  in  1473.  whence  the  Lords  Carleil,  who  a  few  genera- 
tion'^ later  became  extinct,  the  estates  through  the  female  line 
passing  to  the  descendants  of  Sir  James  Douglas  of  Parkhcad. 
who  was  stabbed  to  death  on  the  street  in  Edinburgh.  14  July 
]6o8.  and  on  the  death  of  whose  son  in  1638,  the  estates  went 
into  the  possession  of  the  l'",arl  of  (Juecnsberry,  and  the  title 
which  was  a  male  fee  and  did  not  pass  with  the  land,  long  ago 
supposed  ir)  be  with  the  Lymckilns  branch  of  the  family,  has 
ever  since  been  dormant. 


lo  Carlvle    Family 

Adam  Carli:il,  the  second  son,  described  by  John  First 
Lord  Carleil  in  his  will  as  "brother  german,"  died  before  1500. 
He  had  issue : 

Ada^l  Carleil  referred  to  in  his  uncle's  will  in  Nov.  150O) 
and  by  his  cousin  Elizabeth  Carleil  in  15 16.  He  had  a  charter 
of  Brydekirk  from  his  uncle  John  First  Lord  Carleil  on  7  May 
1499.  It  was  apparently  he  who,  under  Papal  dispensation 
17  Feb.  1502,  married  Ellen,  daughter  of  Simon  Carruthers 
of  jNIouswald,  and  his  wife  Catherine  Carleil. 

(The  Scots  Peerage,  by  Sir  James  Balfour  Paul,  Lord  Lyon 
King  of  Arms.    1905.) 

Alexander  Carleil,  their  eldest  son.  Laird  of  Brydekirk, 
was  living  in  1547.  "He  and  his  son  Adam,  the  young  Laird, 
are  mentioned  by  Sir  Thomas  Carleton,  the  English  Warden  of 
the  Borders  in  that  year,  as  the  only  gentry  in  Annandale, 
Liddlesdale  and  Xithsdale  who  had  never  submitted  to  the 
English,   except  Douglas  of  Drumlanrig." 

Of  this  famih'  was  Christopher  Carleill  b.  1551,  one  of  the 
great  soldiers  and  navigators  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, who  took  an  active  interest  in  American  discoveries  as 
earlv  as  1574.  He  was  Lieutenant  General  of  the  land  forces, 
in  the  expedition  in  1585-86,  to  the  West  Lidies,  Sir  Francis 
Drake  being  at  the  head  of  the  fleet.  He  married  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Francis  Walsingham,  the  Queen's  celebrated  minis- 
ter, her  sister  Francis  being  successively  the  wife  of  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  of  the  brilliant  and  unfortunate  Robert  Devereux,  Earl 
of  Essex  and  of  the  brave  soldier  Pichard  de  Burgh,  Fourth 
Earl  of  Clanricarde. 

Adam  Carleil,  the  young  Laird  of  Brydekirk,  before  men- 
tioned, had  a  charter  of  Lymekilns  from  ^Michael  Fourth  Lord 
Carleil,  24  Nov.   1559.     He  died  in  1581,  leaving  three  sons: 

1.  Alexander  Carlile,  d.  1593.  s.  P- 

2.  Herbert  Carlile  of  Brydekirk  b.  1558,  d.  Sept.  1632,  m. 
Margaret  Cunningham. 

3.  Edward  Carlile  ^  of  Lymekilns,  m.  Grace  Irving  of  Bon- 

3  Register  of  the  Privy  Council  of  Scotland,  1522-1599. 


Carlvlh    Family  ji 

shaw.   He  died  before  1615.  leaving  two  sons  Adam  and  Alex- 
ander of  Mnrraythwaite  who  was  living  in   1637. 

Adam  Carlile,  of  Lymekilns,  the  eldest  son,  m.  ^lary 
daughter  of  Francis  Carruthers  of  Dormont.  He  died  before 
1637,  leaving  three  sons,  Edward  of  Limekilns.  Adam  and 
John. 

Adam  Carlile,  b.  1634.  d.  31  Jan.  1685,  Bailee  of  Annan,  m. 
Janet  Muirhead,  d.  25  Feb.  1671.  Their  children  were  John, 
James,  Agnes  and  Isabelle.  James  Carlile,  Bailee  of  Annan, 
d.  1710,  m.  Margaret  Spence,  from  whom  are  descended  Rev. 
A\'ilson  Carlile,*  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.  London,  of  Torthor- 
wald,  County  Surrey,  England,  and  his  brother  Colonel  Ed- 
ward Hildred  Carlile.  and  from  the  marriage  of  a  grand- 
daughter of  James.  Isabella  Carlile,  with  her  cousin  Robert 
Carlyle  of  Ecclefechan,  was  descended  Thomas  Carlyle,  the 
historian,  who  married  Jane  Welsh  and  d.  s.  p.  Agnes  Carlile 
m.  John  Johnstone,  and  Isabelle  Carlile  m.  Edward  Johnstone, 
d.  1683,  ancestors  of  the  Johnstones  of  Galabank  and  Fulford 
Flail,  and  from  whom  are  descended  ]\Iiss  Catherine  L.  John- 
stone, the  authoress,  and  her  Ijrothers  the  late  Sir  James  John- 
stone and  Admiral  Charles  Johnstone. 

Edward  Carlilr  of  Limekilns,  the  eldest  son,  m.  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Gavin  Young,  minister  of  Ivuthwell,  and  d.  be- 
fore 1699.  There  is,  or  was  in  18(^3,  the  remains  of  a  touch- 
ing monument  to  ]\Iargaret  ^'oung,  wife  of  the  above  Edward, 
in  the  picturesque  churchyard  of  Ruth  well,  between  Annan 
and  Dumfries. 

"Heir  lyes  ^Margaret  Young,  spous  to  Edward  Carlile  of 
Limekilns,  deceased  May  24,   1665,  of  her  age  48." 

*  Founder  of  the  Church  Army,  who  is  doing  such  noble  work 
among  the  poor  of  London,  and  in  whom  ihc  simple  hfc  has  an  car- 
nest  and  faitliful   follower. 

"The   sweetest   lives   are  those   to   duty   wed. 

Whose  deeds  both  great  and  small, 

Are  close  knit  strands  of  an  unbroken  thread, 

Where  love  ennobles  all. 

The  world  may  sound  no  trumpets,  ring  no  I)i.Hs, 

The   Book  of  Life   the   shining  record  tells." 


12^  Carlvle    Family 

"Of  virtue,   wit,  grace,  truth,  love,  pietie, 
This   woman  in  her  tyme  had  store. 
On   small   means   she   upheld  great   honestie, 
And  in  reward  has  endless  glore." 

It  is  said  that  the  Carhle  property,  which  once  comprised 
half  of  Annandale,  was  reduced  in  1700,  to  a  few  isolated 
estates. 

Adam  Carlile,  of  Limekilns,  son  of  Edward  and  Mar- 
garet (Yoimg)  Carlile,  b.  1638,  m.  Grizel  Menzies  of  Culte- 
raws.     Their  children  were  : 

1.  John  Carlyle  of  Limekilns  d.  s.  p. 

2.  Alexander  Carlyle,  who  emigrated  to  [Maryland  prior  to 
17 12,  and  settled  in  Somerset  County,  where  he  became  a 
large  landholder  and  m.  6  Sept.  1720,  Margaret  McAlister  of 
that  county.  He  died  in  1726,  leaving  two  sons,  Adam,  b. 
13  Feb.  1724/5,  and  John,  b.  28  Feb.  1725/6,  d.  s.  p.  Adam 
Carlyle,  the  eldest  son,  after  the  death  of  his  mother  in  1733. 
went  to  Scotland  to  live  and  m.  Philadelphia  Carruthers  of 
Holmains.  On  the  death  of  his  uncle  John  in  1742,  he  in- 
herited Limekilns,  but  was  ruined  by  the  failure  of  a  bank  at 
Ayr  in  1766.  His  six  sons,  Alexander,  x'Vdam,  John,  James, 
George  and  William  d.  s.  p. 

3.  Mary  Carlyle,  m.  David  Murray  of  Beltriding. 

4.  Margaret  Carl}le,  m.  Christopher  Carruthers  of  Harcl- 

5.  Adam  Carlyle,  d.   s.  p. 

6.  Agnes  Carlyle,  m.  Mr.  Lindsey,  of  Clifton. 

7.  William  Carlyle,  a  surgeon  of  Carlisle,  England,  b. 
1685.  d.  3  July  1744.  m.  7  Oct.  1714.  Rachel  Murray  of  Mur- 
raythwaite,  Dumsfriesshire,  "a  family  which  had  been  settled  at 
and  possessors  of  Murraythwaite  since  about  the  year  1421.  and 
derive  paternally  from  the  ancient  family  of  Cockpool,  from 
whom  the  Murrays,  Earls  of  Annandale,  now  extinct,  were 
descended." 

Nicholas  Carlisle,  in  his  History  of  the  "Ancient  Family 
of  Carlisle,"  1822,  says:  "She  was  the  most  handsome  lady 
of  her  time  in  Annandale,  and  was  celebrated  for  the  beauty 


I)n.  \\  II, 1 1AM  CAui.vi.K.  ir]S:>  Kti. 


U'  CAKr.vrj-:    F.\,m[ia- 

of    Iicr    soft    (lark    eyes,    wliicli    (Icscended    to    several    of   lier 
offspring.'"     Their  children   were: 

1.  George  Carlyle.  M.  J).,  uf  whom  presently. 

2.  Gracile  Carlyle.  h.  26  Nov.   1717,  d.   12  July   1721. 

3.  John   Carlyle.  of   whom  presently. 

4.  William  Carlyle.  h.  29  Alay  1722.  d.  27  Mar.  1723. 

5.  Adam  Carlyle,  b.  5  Aug.  1724,  d.  in. 

6.  Christiana  Carlyle,  h.  7  Aug.   1725,  d.   11  Dec.  1726. 

7.  Adam  Carlyle,  b.   18  June   1728,  d.  9  Feb.  1729/30. 

8.  James  Carlyle,  b.  12  Se])t.   1729,  d.  17  Feb.  1730/31. 

9.  Rachel  Carlyle.  1).  30  May  1731.  d.  3  Mav  1733. 
10.  Jean  Carlyle,  b.  8  June  1733,  d.  12  h'eb.  1735/6. 

Gkorc.e  Carlvli-:,  ^L  D.,  of  Carlisle,  England,  eldest  son 
of  Dr.  William  and  Rachel  (Murray)  Carlyle,  b.  11  Nov. 
1715,  d.  21  (  )ct.  1754,  m.  3  Sept.  1751.  Dorothy  Dacre  Ap- 
l)leby.  daughter  of  Josei:)h  Dacre  Ap])leby  of  Kirkhinton,  d. 
17  Aug.   1805.  aet  88.     Their  children  were: 

1.  Susannah  Mauria  Carlyle.  b.  29  Sept.   1752.  d.  un. 

2.  William  Carlyle,  b.  17  Feb.  1754.  d.  13  Mar.  1754. 

3.  George  Carlyle,  b.  30  Oct.  1756.  d.  18  Nov.  1757. 

4.  Joseph   Dacre  Carlyle,  of  whom  presently. 

5.  Rachel   Carlyle,  1).  4  Jan.    1760.  d.  h  May   1761. 

6.  Dorothy  Carlyle,  b.   ir   Dec.   1761.  d.  un. 

Ri:\ .  JoSKi'H  Dacrk  Carlvli:,  !'>.  D..''  second  son  of  Dr. 
George  and  Dorothy  Dacre  (Appleby)  Carlyle.  b.  4  June  1758. 
d.  12  April  1804,  "i-  10  Oct.  1786,  Margaret  Kerr,  daughter 
of  James  Kerr,  of  East  Grange.  Fifeshire.  He  was  chancellor 
of  Carlisle  and  professor  of  Arabic  in  the  l^niversity  of  Cam- 
bridge, England.     Their  children  were  : 

1.  George  Carlyle,  b.  i  ( )ct.  1787,  d.  10  Mar.  1798. 

2.  Eleanor  Carlyle,  b.  12  Jan.  r793.  m.  Lieutenant-CV^lonel 
Henrv  Dundas  ^laclean  of  the  F'ritish  Army. 

John  Carlyle,  second  son  of  Dr.  William  and  Rachel 
(Murray)  Carlyle,  b.  6  Feb.  1720,  came  to  America  about  1740, 


5  Rev.  Joseph  Dacre  Carlyle,  B.  D.,  on  6  Feb.,  1798.  was  served  as 


KAC-MKI.    (MlKKAV;    (AKl.Vl.H.    Kill','    1'4-^. 


i6  Carlyle    Family 

and  settled  first  at  Dumfries,  Virginia,  but  as  early  as  1744,  he 
was  a  merchant  at  Belhaven,  a  small  settlement  that  had 
grown  up  around  a  tobacco  warehouse  on  the  bluff  that  then 
overlooked  the  Potomac  River,  and  which  was  in  1748,  in- 
corporated into  a  town  and  subsequently  called  Alexandria. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  a  member  of  the  first 
board  of  trustees  of  the  town,  where  he  built  in  1752,  the 
historic  "Carlyle  House,"  which  was  occupied  in  April,  1755, 
by  General  Edward  Braddock,  as  his  headquarters.  On  26 
Jan.  1754,  he  was  appointed  by  Lieutenant  Governor  Robert 
Dinwiddle  of  Virginia,  Major  and  Commissary  of  the  Vir- 
ginia forces  and  subsequently  took  an  active  part  in  the  French 
and  Indian  wars,  and  in  the  campaign  which  resulted  in  the 
defeat  of  General  Braddock,  at  the  battle  of  the  Monongahela, 

9  J"ly  1755- 

In  1748,  he  married  Sarah  Fairfax,  second  dau.  of  Hon. 

heir  to  Michael  Fourth  Lord  Carleil,  to  the  dormant  baronage,  as  a 
member  of  the  Limekilns  branch  of  the  family,  the  male  descent  still 
claiming  the  ancient  barony.  Hymn  354,  in  the  Hymnal  of  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  was  written 
by  him.  In  1796,  he  published  "Specimens  of  Arabian  Poetry  From 
The  Earliest  Times  To  The  Extinction  Of  The  Khaliphat  With  Some 
Account  Of  The  Authors,"  a  copy  of  which  he  sent  to  his  first  cousin, 
Mrs.  William  Herbert,  of  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Among  his  translations  from  the  Arabic,  were  the  following  verses 
addressed  by  Abou  Ben  Adhem,  a  hermit  of  Syria,  alike  distinguished 
for  his  talents  and  piety,  to  the  Khaliph  Haroun  Al-Rashid,  around 
whom  centers  the  tales  of  the  Arabian  Nights,  and  "the  witchery  of 
Oriental  Romance  has  cast  an  adventurous  glow,"  whom  he  met  as  the 
Commander  of  the  faithful  was  going  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  ac- 
companied by  a  magnificent  train,  as  a  reproach  for  his  ostentatious 
devotion. 

"Religions  gems  can  ne'er  adorn, 
The  flimsy  robe  by  pleasure  worn, 
Its  feeble  texture  soon  would  tear, 
And  give  those  jewels  to  the  air. 

Thrice  happy  they  who  seek  th'  abode, 
Of  peace  and  pleasure,  in  their  God! 
Who  spurn  the  world,  its  joys  despise. 
And  grasp  at  bliss  beyond  the  skies." 


Carlyle    Family  17 

William'"'  and  Sarah  (Walker)  Fairfax,  b.  1728,  d.  22  Jan; 
1761.  Their  children  were:  Sarah  Carlyle,  who  married  Wil- 
liam Herbert,  of  Alexandria,  \'a.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  Anne 
Fairfax  Carlyle.  who  married  Henry  Whiting  of  Gloucester 
County,  Va.,  a  lineal  descendant  of  Colonel  Henry  Whiting, 
Treasurer  of  Virginia,  1692-93. 

In    1758,   Colonel   Carlyle   was   appointed   Royal   Collector 
of  South  Potomac,  succeeding  his  father-in-law,  Hon.  William 


It  was  about  Ben  Adhem  that  Leigh  Hunt  wrote  this  brilliant  gem, 
in  which  the  whole  law  and  gospel  is  so  beautifully  expressed : 

"Abou   Ben   Adhem    (may   his   tribe   increase!) 

Awoke  one  night  from  a  deep  dream  of  peace, 

And  saw,  within  the  moonlight  in  his  room, 

Making  it  rich,  and  like  a  lily  in  bloom, 

An  angel  writing  in  a  book  of  gold : — 

Exceeding  peace  had  made  Ben  Adhem  bold, 

And  to  the  presence  in  the  room  he  said. 
"What  w-ritest  thou?''     The  vision  rais'd  its  head, 

And  with  a  look  made  of  all  sweet  accord. 

Answer'd  "The  names  of  those  who  love  the  Lord." 
"And  is  mine  one?"  said  Abou.     "Nay,  not  so," 

Replied   the   angel.     Abou   spoke  more   low. 

But  cheerly  still ;  and  said.  "I  pray  thee  then, 

Write  me  as  one  that  loves  his  fellow-men." 

The  angel  wrote  and  vanished.     The  next  night 

It  came  again  with  a  great  wakening  ligl-t, 

And    show'd   the   names   whom   love   of  God   had   bless'd, 

And  !o!  Ben  Adhem's  name  led  ail  the  rest." 

8  Hon  William  Fairfax  was  the  grandson  of  Henry  Fourth  Lord 
Fairfax  of  Denton,  Yorkshire,  England,  bap.  at  Newton  Kyne  30  Oct., 
1691.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  entered  the  army  and  served  in  Spain 
under  his  cousin  Col.  Martin  Bladen,  brother  of  Hon.  William  Bladen 
of  Annapolis,  Maryland,  (from  whom  the  Dulanys  of  Virginia  and  the 
Lowndes  of  Maryland  are  descended)  the  grandsons  of  Sir  William 
Fairfax,  of  Stccton,  Yorkshire,  who  was  the  son  of  Sir  Philip  Fairfax 
and  his  wife  Frances  Sheffield,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Mulgrave.  Sir 
William  Fairfax  commanded  a  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Edgehill,  the 
.storming  of  Leeds,  the  battles  of  Wakcfuld  and  X.iiilwicli.  a  brit;  i.l.- 
at  Marston  Moor,  and  fell  covered  with  wounds  at  the  siege  of  Mont- 
gomery Castle,  Wales,  19  Sept..  1644.  His  daughter  Isabella  married 
Nathaniel    Bladen,   barrister   of   Hcmsworth,   Yorkshire. 


lo  Caki.vu-:    1<\\milv 

Fairfax.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  during 
the  War  of  the  Revolution.  For  nearly  twenty-five  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  shipping  business  in  Alex- 
andria, Va.,  with  Mr.  John  Dalton,  under  the  partnership  name 
of  Carlyle  &  Dalton,  which  was  only  dissolved  by  the  death 
of  Air.  Dalton  in  1777. 

After  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  Colonel  Carlyle  married 
Sybil  \\'est,  dau.  of  Hugh  and  Sybil  (Harrison)  West,  by 
whom  he  had  an  only  son,  George  William  Carlyle,  b.  1765^ 
who  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  South  Caro- 
lina, 8  Sept.  1781.  Had  he  lived  he  would  have  been  entitled 
to  the  dormant  baronage  as  Lord  Carlyle,  after  the  death  of 
his  first  cousin  Rev.  Joseph  Dacre  Carlyle,  B.  D.,  the  oriental 
scholar,  who  died  without  male  issue  in  1804. 

Hon  William  Fairfax  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Bahama 
Islands,  where  he  married  27  Mar.  1723,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Major  Thomas^ 
Walker  of  the  British  Army.  He  removed  in  1725,  to  Salem,  Mass., 
where  he  held  a  lucrative  office,  until  he  was  appointed  a  few  years 
later,  by  his  iirst  cousin  Thomas  Sixth  Lord  Fairfax,  agent  for  his- 
extensive  estate  comprising  the  Northern  Neck  of  Virginia,  which  ho 
had  inherited  from  his  mother  Katherine,  dau.  of  Lord  Cuipeper,  Gover- 
nor of  Virginia.  He  resided  at  Belvoir  on  the  Potomac  River,  a  little 
below  Mount  Vernon,  and  died  there  3  Sept.,  1757.  He  was  a  gentle- 
man of  great  worth  and  respectability,  held  the  office  of  Lieutenant 
of  the  County  of  Fairfax,  and  Collector  of  Customs  of  the  South- 
Potomac.  He  was  a  member  and  President  of  the  Council  of  Virgini.^- 
in   1743. 

His  children  by  his  first  wife  who  died  in  Salem.  Mass.,  18  Jan., 
1731,  were  George  William  Fairfax — who  d.  s.  p.,  Thomas  Fairfax — 
who  was  killed  in  a  sea  fight  with  the  French  Squadron  in  1746;  Anne 
Fairfax,  who  married  first,  Lawrence  Washington,  of  Mount  Vernon, 
and  secondly.  Col.  George  Lee,  uncle  of  the  grandfather  of  Gen.  Robert 
E.  Lee,  and  Sarah  Fairfa.x,  who  married  Colonel  John  Carlyle,  of  Alex- 
andria,  \'a. 

Hon.  William  Fairfax,  after  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  married 
secondly,  Deborah,  daughter  of  Francis  and  Deborah  (Gedney)  Clarke, 
of  Salem,  Mass.  Their  children  were  Brian,  afterwards  Eighth  Lord 
Fairfax,  William  Henry  Fairfax,  who  fell  with  Wolfe  at  the  siege  of 
Quebec  in  1759,  and  Hannah  Fairfax,  who  married  Warner  Washington, 
first  cousin  of  General  George  Washington  and  son  of  Col.  John  and 
Catherine   (Whiting)   Washington. 


I'AKl.Yl.K    AND    FaIKKAX    AB.MS. 

From  an  oW  silver  taiikanl  owned  by  Col.  Arthur  Herbert,  Alcxatiufia,  Va. 


20  L".\KL\'LI-:      1^\\.M1I.V 

Colonel  Carlyle  died  in  October  1780,  leaving  a  handsome 
estate.  In  his  will,  dated  12  July  1780,  he  left  to  his  grand- 
son John  Carlyle  Herbert,  a  very  large  tract  of  land  in  Vir- 
ginia. To  his  other  grandson  Carlyle  Fairfax  Whiting,  the  in- 
fant son  of  his  deceased  daughter,  Anne  Fairfax  Whiting,  he 
left  several  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Berkeley  County  Virginia, 
known  as  "Limekilns,"  and  to  his  only  surviving  daughter,  Sa- 
rah, wife  of  William  Herbert,  besides  other  property,  he  left  the 
historic  "Carlyle  House,"  replete  with  the  memories  of  Wash- 
ington, of  the  ill-starred  Braddock,  of  the  gay  and  gallant  Orme, 
of  Keppel,  of  Franklin,  of  Richard  Henry  Lee,  of  Dinwiddle, 
and  other  Colonial  Governors,  whose  walls  may  soon  totter  and 
fall,  when  one  more  link  between  the  past  and  the  present  will 
forever  vanish  away. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  JOHX  AND  SARAH  (FAIRFAX) 

CARLYLE. 

SMiAH  Carlyle,-  e'dest  dau.  of  John^  and  Sarah  (Fairfax) 
Carlyle,  m.  William  Herbert  of  Alexandria,  Va.  Issue : 

1.  John  Carlyle  Herbert,"  of  whom  presently. 

2.  William  Herbert,"  of  whom  presently. 

3.  Margaret  Herbert,^  of  whom  presently. 

4.  Sarah  Herbert,''  m.  Rev.  Oliver  Norris.     Issue: 
I  I.  Eliza  Mary  Norris,*  of  whom  presently. 

■2.  Edward  Norris,*  d.  un. 

3.  Rev.  Herbert  Vorris.*  m.  Juliet  Rawle.     Issue: 

1.  Carlyle  Norris,''  killed  in  Civil  War. 

2.  Frank  Norris,"  d.  y.  5>,)W-eYi  JVirnnaYvi^'^'" 

5.  Anne  Herbert.^  d.  un. 

6.  Eliza  Herbert."  d.  un.   1865. 

7.  Lucinda  Herbert,"  d.  un. 

John  Carlyle  Herbert,"  eldest  son  of  William  and  Sarah 
fCarlvle")  Herbert,  b.  1777.  d.  i  Sept.  1846,  ]\Iem- 
ber  of  Congress  from  Marvland  1816-1820.  m.  7  J\lar. 
1805,  Marv  dau.  of  Tliomas  and  Anne  Snowden. 
Issue : 


Hon.  John  Caki.vi.e  Hekhkkt.  n77-l84(i. 


22  C.\RI,^•I.K    Family 

1.  Thomas  Snowden  Herbert,*  M.  D.,  of  whom  presently. 

2.  Ann  CaroHne  Herbert,*  b.  24  Mar.  1808,  m.  Henry  Fair- 

fax of  Ashgrove   (q.  v.). 

3.  WilHam  Fairfax  Herbert,*  b.  25  Mar.  1810,  d.  un.  2  Julv 

1846. 

4.  Sarah  Carlyle  Herbert,*  b.  2  July  18 12,  d.  30  Sept.  1850, 

m.  15  Nov.  1833,  (first  wife)  Archibald  Blair  Fair- 
fax, U.  S.  N.  and  C.  S.  N.,  b.  22  May  1809.    Issue : 

1.  Eugene  Fairfax,^  b.  26  May  1838,  C.  S.  A.  killed  in 

action  2  May  1862,  un. 

2.  Julian  Fairfax,^  b.  14  Dec.  1841,  d.  un.  Jan.  1877. 

3.  Archibald  Carlyle  Fairfax,^  b.  24  Aug.    1843,  C.  S. 

A.,  d.  4  Aug.  1879,  "^-  30  April  1873,  ^  irginia 
Caroline,  dau.  of  William  H.  Redwood.     Issue : 

1.  John   Carlyle   Fairfax,''  b.   6  Dec.    1874.    Lieut. 

U.  S.  A. 

2.  William    Redwood    Fairfax,"    b.    3    Dec.    1876. 

Archibald  Blair  Fairfax  m.  2  Mar.  1852. 
(second  wife)  Eliza  Mary,*  dau.  of  Rev. 
Oliver  and  Sarah  (Herbert^)  Norris.   Issue: 

3.  Edward  Herbert   Fairfax,^  b.   11   Dec.   1852,  d. 

s.  p.  1878. 

4.  Llewelyn   Cary   Fair^ax,^  b.   28  Aug.    1855,  m. 

1880.  Priscilla  Hall,  dau.  of  Reginald 
Wright,  M.  D. 

5.  Arthur  Percy  Fairfax,^  b.  2  Feb.  1857,  m.  2  Feb. 

1882,  Nannie  Hunter,  dau.  of  Hon.  John 
Blair  Hoge. 

5.  Alfred  Herbert,*  b.    18  June   1814.  d.   un.    1879.    Lieut. 

U.  S.  A.  1836.    Afterwards  a  prominent  civil  engi- 
neer. 

6.  Mary  Virginia  Herl)ert,*  b.  17  Alar.  1816.  m.  3  May  1836, 

'  Capiain  Thomas  T.  Hunter   U.  S.  N.  and  C.  S.  N. 
Issue  : 

1.  Frederick  Hunter,''  m.  Lipscomb. 

2.  Thomas  Hunter,^  C.  S.  N.  d.  un. 

3.  Madeline  Hunter,^  m.  Major  Edmondstone. 


Cari.m.k    Fa.milv 


23 


4.  Julia    Hunter."'    m.    Colonel    Franklin    Harwood    U 

S.  A. 

5.  \\'illiam  Hunter,'"'  d.  uri. 
b.  diaries  Hunter,-"'  d.  un. 

7.  Sarah  Hunter,"'  I'rot.  Epi;,copal  Sisterhood. 

8.  Minnie  Hunter,^  d.  un. 

7.  Emma  Herbert.-*  b.  22  Mar.  1818,  d.  20  Dec.  1874,  "i- 
16  Nov.  1837,  Rev.  William  Bryant  of  \"a.,  d.  1846. 
Issue : 

1.  Mary  Bryant,^  b.  2  May  1839,  d.  un. 

2.  William  Bryant."'  b.    16  May   184 1.  d.  un. 

3.  J.  C.  Herbert  Bryant.'  b.  19  May  1843.  Capt.  C.  S.  A. 

m.  17  June  1872,  Ruth,  dau.  of  Henry  Barnes 

Claggett.     Issue : 

I.   Mary  Herbert   Bryant."  m.  23  Nov.  1898,  Alaj. 

Thomas  Jellis  Kirkpatrick  U.  S.  A.   Issue: 

I.  Fortunata    Kirkpatrick,'    b.    Manila    P,    I., 

2  June  1900. 
2.  Carlyle    Herbert    Bryant    Kirkpatrick/     b. 
Manila.  P.  I.,  23  Dec.  1903. 

2.  William    Bryant.''    m.     19    Nov.    1902,    Marion 

Twiggs  Chalmers.    Issue: 
I.   FJizabeth    Chalmers    Bryant,'    b.    29    Aug. 

3.  Agnes  Carlyle  Bryant."  m.  3[  Oct.  1906,  Lieut. 

John  Do\vnc>,  jr.,  L".  S.  N.     Issue: 
I.  John   Downes.  jr..'   b.   5   Mar.    1909. 

4.  Arthur  Herbert  B>ryant,"  m.  11  Dec.  1907,  Geral- 

dinc  AFasDu  Ta\lor.     Issue: 
I.   jiihn   Carlyle    Herbert    I'.ryant,'    b.    li   April 
J  909. 

5.  i\uih  llryant.''  d.  J."]  I'\b.   lyo*),  m.  30  Oct.  1907, 

Fii-ut.   Nelson    llrowii.  jr.,   V.  S.   N. 

6.  Marion     I  Barnes     i'.ryant."    m.     luisign    Herbert 

l'"airfax   I.e;iry,''   V.  S.  N.   (q.  v.) 
4.    Alfrc-d    [■".>tc-]I    l',r\aiil.''  d.  in. 
8.    Julia  Ib-rbert.'  b.  30  Inb.   iSjo.  d.  8  Oct.   1846.  un. 


24  Caklvi.k    J<".\.mii.y 

9.  Eugenia  Fairfax  Herbert/  b.  7  April  1822,  d.    12  j\Iar. 

1 84 1,  un. 

10.  Lucinda  Herbert.*  b.  13  Jan.  1824,  d.  18  Jan.   1910,  m. 

29  Mar.  1855,  John  L.  Eversfield.     Issue: 

1.  IMary  Herbert  Eversfield,''  m. 

2.  Emma  Eversfield,^  m.  Moncure. 

3.  John  Carlyle  Eversfield,^'  m. 

4.  Edward  Eversfield,^  m. 

5.  Eugenia  Fairfax  Eversfield,^ 

11.  John  Carlyle  Herbert,*  b.  16  April  1826,  d.  in. 

12.  Eliza  Herbert,*  b.  26  April  1827,  d.  18  ^lay  1883.  un. 

13.  Edward  Herbert,*  b.  28  Nov.  1830,  m.  29  Jan.  1851,  Mary 

H.  Barnett.     Issue : 
I.  William  Pinkney  Herbert,^  b.  Feb.  1852,  m.  3  Nov. 
1876,  Rebecca,  dau.  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Car- 
ter)  Beverley.     Issue: 

1.  Edward  Herbert,**  b.  2  Oct.  1877. 

2.  Robert  Beverley  Herbert,"  b.  25  July  1875. 

3.  William  Pinkney  Herbert,"  b.  28  Aug.  1883. 

4.  Cuy  Fairfax  Herbert,*'  b.   13  Sept.   1889. 

5.  John  C.  Herbert,**  b.  14  Nov.  1891. 

Thoma.s  Sxowden  Herbert,*  M.  D.,  eldest  son  of  John  C.,^ 
and  Mary  (Snowden)  Herbert,  b.  13  Mar.  1806.  m. 
first  2  Nov.  1830,  Camilla  Hammond,  d.  25  Dec.  1845, 
m.  secondly  Elizabeth  Duer,  who  d.  s.  p.  Issue  by 
first  wiie: 

1.  John  Carlyle  Herbert,^"'  b.  Nov.   182 1,  d.  un.  1885. 

2.  James  Rawlings  Herbert,"'  Colonel  C.   S.  A.,  b.   5  Aug. 

1833.  d.  3  Aug.  1884,  m.  10  Nov.  1868,  Elizabeth 
Coleman,  dau.  of  Mark  Alexander,  b.  6.  June  1849, 
d.  27  May  1885.  Issue: 
I.  Anne  Gordon  Herbert,**  m.  24  Oct.  1894,  W.  Kennedy 
Boone.     Issue : 

1.  Elizabeth   Alexander   Boone,'^   b.   23   Oct.    1895, 

d.  8  April  1897. 

2.  William  Kennedy  Boone,^  b.   i   Mar.   1897. 

3.  James  Herbert  Boone,^  b.  28  May  1899. 


Carlvli-:    1'".\.mii.n' 


25 


4.  John  Marshall  Boone,'  b.  1 1  Oct.  1900. 

5.  Sarah  Kennedy  Boone.'  b.  2"/  Feb.  1902. 

6.  Larlyle  Fairfax  Boone,'  b.  2  Xov.  1905. 

7.  Camilla  Herbert  Boone."  b.  16  Feb.  1908. 

2.  Camilla  Hammond  Herbert.''  m.  4  April   1900.  Win. 

Pinkney  Whyte.  jr. 

3.  ^lark  Alexander  Herbert."  <1.  iin.    19  Dec.   1899. 

4.  Marv  Coleman  Herbert.''  111.   11  June   1900.  H.  War- 

ren Buckler,  ^I.  D.     Issue: 

1.  Alice  La\vra.-on  Buckler,"  b.  24  July  1903. 

2.  Humphrey  Warren   Buckler."  b.  27  May    1906. 

5.  Sarah  Carlyle  I-'airfax  Herbert.''  m.   18  (  )ct.   1899. 

C<nnnlaiid  H.  Smith.     Issue: 

1.  Courtland  Hawkins  Smith,'  b.  14  Aug.  1900. 

2.  ^lark  .Alexander  Smith."  b.  31  Oct.  1901. 

6.  Elizabeth   Snowden   Herbert." 

3.   Matthias  Hammond  Herbert.''  b.   1835.  d.   1900  un. 
\\  ii.F.iA.\[  Hkkukrt.'''  second  son  of  William  and  Sarah  (Car- 
lyle-) Herbert,  m.  Henrietta  Maria,  dau.  of  Benjamin 
Tasker  and  Elizabeth' (French)  Dulany  of  Va.    Issue : 

1.  Hare  Powell  Herbert.*  d.   1883  s.  p. 

2.  Daniel  French  Dulany  Herbert,*  d.  s.  p. 

3.  Upton  Heath  Herbert,*  d.  July  1900.  m.  Sarah  C.  Tracey 

of  Xew  York.  s.  p. 
Elizabeth  Dulany  Herbert.*  I),  i'cb.  1822.  d.  2  May  1901. 
William  Herbert.*  b.  25  Dec.   1825,  d,  10  Mar.  1901,  m. 
\2   Jan.    1869.    Susan,   dau.    of   Robert   Eden   and 
Anne  (Mor.son)   Scott.       Issue: 
Margaret  Lee  Herbert.'  d.  in. 
Ann  Herbert.'' 
I'ranccs  Scott  Herbert. ■'' 
I'.lkn    Whiting   Herbert.'"' 
U  illiam  Carlyle  Herbert.' 
.\rthur   1  U  rlnrt.-'' 

Susan   Herbert,-''  m.    \\  June   1906,  George  Doswell 
Ih'ooke.     Issue: 
I.   Sue   Herbert    Brooke.''  b.    iS  .\]iril    MJ07. 


4- 

5- 


26  CARi.vr.K    Family 

2.  George  Doswell  Brooke,''  b.  9  Sepi.  1909. 
8.  Elizabeth  Dulany  Herbert.'' 
6.  Arthur  Herbert/  b.  27  July  1829.    Colonel  17th  Va.  Regt. 
C.   S.   A.,  m.   5   July    1865,  Alice   Goode,   dau.   of 
William  Gregory.     Ijsbue: 

1.  Maria  Dulany  Herbert,"'  m.   1890,  John  Daingerfield 

Hooe.     Issue: 
I.  Bernard  Hooe,''  d.  in. 

2.  Alice  Gregory  Herbert,"'  m.  3  June  1891,  John  Henry 

-vlcCauley.     Issue : 
I.  Alice  Herbert  McCauley,"  b.  9  Nov.   1894. 

3.  Marianne  Herbert.' 

4.  Florence  Harrison  Herbert.^ 

5.  Nora  Carlyle  Herbert,''  m.  3  June  1908,  Robert  Pe- 

gram  Holt. 
Margaret  Herbert,^  eldest  dau.  of  William  and  Sarah  (Car- 
lyle") Herbert,  d.  1858,  m.  Jan.  1800,  Thomas  9th 
Lord  Fairfax,  b.  1762,  d.  21  April  1846.     Issue: 
I.  Albert   Fairfax,*  b.    15   April    1802,   d.   May   1835,   m.   8 
April    1828,   Caroline   Eliza,   dau.   of  Richard  and 
Eliza  Snowden.     Issue: 

1.  Charles    Snowden    Fairfax,^    loth   Lord    Fairfax,   b. 

8  Mar.  1829,  d.  4  April  1869,  ni.  10  Jan.  1855, 
Ada,  dau.  of  Joseph  S.  Benham,  s.  p. 

2.  John   Contce   Fairfax.   M.   D.,''^    nth   Lord   Fairfax, 

b.  13  Sept.  1830,  d.  28  Sept.  1900,  m.  8  Oct. 
1857,  Mary,  dau.  of  Colonel  Edmund  Kirby, 
U.  S.  A.    issue : 

1.  Caroline  Snowden  Fairfax,"  b.  20  Aug.  1858. 

2.  Josephine  Fairfax,*'  b.  20  Aug.   1865,  m.    1892. 

Tunstall,     son     of     Marsden     and    Anne 
(Williamson)   Smith.     Issue: 

1.  Josephine  Tunstall  Smith,"  b.  29  May  1894. 

2.  Louise  Tunstall  Smith,"  b.  19  July  1895. 

3.  Albert   Kirby   Fairfax,**    12th   Lord   Fairfax,   b. 

23  Jun.  1870. 

4.  Mary  Cecelia  Fairfax,'"'  b.  26  Dec.  1871. 


Carlvli-:    Family  2-/ 

5.  Charles  Edmund  Fairfax.''  b.  29  April    1876. 

6.  Frances  Marvin  Fairfax/^  b.  29  Aug.   1878.  m. 

28  Oct..  1903,  Edward  Lowndes  Rhett. 
.   Henry  Fairfax.^  of  Ashgrove,' b.  4  .Alay  1804.  d.  in  Alexi- 
can  \\'ar,  14  Aug.  1847.  m-  9  Oct.  1827.  Ann   Caro- 
line,"' dau.  of  Hon.  John  C."  and  Mary  (Snowden) 
Herbert.     Issue : 
r.  Raymond  Fairfax/  C.  E.  and  C.  S.  A.,  b.   19  July 
1829,  m.  7  Jan.  1865.  Anna  Burford.     Issue: 

1.  Ronald  Randolph  Fairfax.''  b.  22  Aug.  1870,  m. 

1901.  Annie  Ridge,  dau.  of  Charles  Early. 

2.  Guy  P'ercy  Fairfax.''  b.  21   Feb.   1872.  m.   1900. 

Elsie  Ida  Crook. 

3.  Henry  Reginald  Fairfax.'''  b.  2  Aug.   1875. 

4.  Isabella  Christian  Fairfax.'' 

5.  Ada  Raymond  Fairfax.'^ 

2.  Eugene  Fairfax.'^  b.  1831,  d.  in. 

3.  Mary  Isabel  Fairfax,'  b.  20  June  1834.  d.  9  Julv  1851. 

4.  Albert   Fairfax,"'   \\.   D.,   b.   4  June    1836,^  S.   A. 

d.  un. 

5.  Herbert  Carlyle  !•  air  fax."  b.  29  April   1838.  C.  S.  A. 

m.  3  June  1861,  Jane  Davies.  dau.  of  Dr.  b'red- 
erick  Baker.    Issue: 

1.  Eugenia  Chalmers  Fairfax." 

2.  Caroline  Herbert  Fairfax." 

6.  Eugenia  Herbert  Fairfax/'^  b.  28  Mar.   1842. 

7.  Ilcm-y  hairfax,-^'  b.  i  Alay  1844,  d.  Aug.  1846. 

8.  Henry  Malcolm  Fairfax/'  b.  9  Oct.  1849. 
Cjrlando  Fairfax.*   M.   D..  b.    1806.  d.    1882.  m.  21    May 

1829.  .Mary  Randolph,  dau.  i.f  Wilson  JefYerson  and 
A'irginia    (Randolph)   C'ary.      Issue: 

1.  \'irgim'a  Randolph    l-airfax.'  b.    1832.  d.  in. 

2.  i'.dith    I -air  fax.'  b.    1833.  d.    i83(j. 

3.  Orlando  Cary  Fairfax.'  b.  13  h"eb.  1836.  d.  un.  1897. 

4.  Mom'mia  Fairfax,-''  b.    1837.  d.    1889.  m.   1866,  Hon. 

Ceorge  Davis,  of   Wilnnngion.    X.   C.  Attor- 
ney ricncral  C.  .S.  .\.     Issue: 


28  Carlyle    Family 

1.  j\Iary  Fairfax  Davis,"  b.   1875,  m.   1895,  Minor 

Fairfax  Heiskell. 

2.  Moniniia  Cary  Davis,*'  b.  1877,  m.  1898,  David 

Alacrae. 

5.  Jane  Cary  Fairfax,^  b.  1840. 

6.  Randolph  Fairfax,^  b.  23  Nov.  1842,  C.  S.  A.,  killed 

in  action  13  Dec.  1862. 

7.  Ethelbert  Fairfax,'  b.  2^^  Jan.  1845,  C.  S.  A.,  d.  1907. 

8.  Mary  Edith  Fairfax,'  b.   1847,  "i-   1877,  J.  J.  Mon- 

cure,  M.  D.     Issue  : 

1.  Orlando   Fairfax   Moncure.*' 

2.  Rosamund  Moncure.® 

9.  Thomas   Fairfax,'  b.    1849,  d.   un.    1907. 

4.  Raymond  Fairfax,*  b.  1808,  d.  1813. 

5.  Eugenia  Cary  Fairfax/  b.  1811,  d.   1880,  m.  first,  Edgar 

Eilbeck  Mason.     Issue : 

1.  Ethelbert  Fairfax  Mason,'  d.  un.  1906. 

2.  Edgar  Eilbeck  Mason,"  d.  un.   1907. 

She  m.  secondlv  Charles  Keith  Hyde,  son  of  Simeon  and 
Katherine   (Cleveland)   Hyde.     Issue: 

3.  Reginald  Fairfax  Hyde,'  d.  un.   1907. 

4.  Edward  Henry  Hyde,'  m.  first  ^lary  Pierson  Flyde, 

m.  secondly,  G.  Morgan. 

5.  Arthur  Cleveland  Hyde,'  d.  in. 

6.  ]\Iargaret  Herbert  Hyde,'  m.  Neville  Herbert,'  third 

son  of    George    William    Carlyle*    and    Mary 
Anne  De  Butts   (Dulany)   Whiting   (q.  v.) 

6.  Ethelbert  Fairfax.*  b.  1814,  d.   1827. 

7.  Aurelia  Herbert  Fairfax,*  b.  1816,  d.  1884.  m.  1852,  Col- 

onel James  W\  Irwin.     Issue: 

1.  Fairfax  Irwin,  ]\I.  D.,'  m.  Alice  Poulson.     Issue: 

1.  Ethel    Irwin.** 

2.  Augusta  Irwin.*' 

3.  Reginald  Irwin." 

2.  Augusta  Neville  Irwin."  m.  Richard  P.  Leary,  U.  S. 

N.     Issue : 


CAKr,vLF.    Family 


29 


1.  Herbert   Fairfax  Leary,''  I'.  S.  X..  m.  28  April 

1909,  Marion  Jiarnes."  dau.  of  J.  C.  Her- 
bert' and   Rnth    (  Claggett )    I!ryant. 

2.  Neville  Leary." 

8.  Lavinia  Fairfax.*  b.  1818,  d.  1822. 

9.  ;Monimia  Fairfax/  b.  1820,  d.  1875,  m.  Nov.  1838,  Archi- 

bald, son  of  \\'ilson  Jefferson  and  \'irginia   (Ran- 
dolph)  Cary.     Issue: 

1.  Falkland  Cary,"'  d.  s.  p. 

2.  Constance  Cary,"'  m.  Burton  Norvell,  son  of  J.  Bur- 

ton Harrison.     Issue : 

1.  Fairfax   Harrison.*^  m.   Hetty,   dau.  of  John   I'.. 

and  Francos  (Daniel)   Cary.     Issue: 

1.  Constance   Cary   Harrison." 

2.  Ursula  Fairfax  Harrison.' 

3.  Richard  Fairfax  Harrison.' 

2.  Francis     TJurton     Harrison."     m.     first.     AEarv 

Crocker.     Issue: 

1.  \irginia   Randnlph   Harrison.' 

2.  liarbara  Harrison.'     He  m.  ^econdh-  Mabel 

Judson.     Issue: 

3.  Burton  Harrison.' 

3.  Archil)ald    Cary   Harrison.''   ni.    Helena   W'alley. 

Issue : 
I.   Mar\-  Harrison." 

3.  Clarence  Cary,"'  ni.  h'lizabctli,  dau.  of  Howard  Potter. 

Issue : 

1.  Guy  I'airfax  Cary." 

2.  Howard  Cary,"  d.  s.  ]>. 

10.  Reginald    hair  fax.*  b.    1822.   d.   un.    1862.   C.   .s.    X.   and 

C.   .S.   X. 

Ax.xi-:  I-'aiuiax  Caui.vi.k.-  second  dau.  of  }<<]m'  and  Sarah 
n-'airfax)  Carlyle,  b.  22  Jan.  1761.  d.  20  Mar.  T778, 
m.  1777.  Henry  Whiting  of  (Ilouccstcr  Comity.  \'a.. 
b.  TO  Dec.  1748.  d.  28  Oct.  1786.  Issue:  .\n  fnily 
son,  Carlyle  I'aikiax  Win  i  ixc;,-  b.  20  Mar.  1778. 
d.  8  Sept.   1831.  m.    14  Dec.    I7(;7.  Sar;di  Manly,  dau. 


30  Carlvle    Family 

of   Colonel   Charles   and   Mary    (Manly)    Little,  b.    I 
June  1776,  d.  12  Nov.  1835.     Issue: 

1.  Charles  Henry  Whiting,*  b.  4  Mar.  1801,  d.  t6  Sept.  1847, 

2.  John  Carlyle  Whiting-.*  b.  11  May  1804,  d.  3  Oct.  1821. 

3.  :Mary  Matilda  Whiting,*  b.  9  Jan.  1806,  d.  24  Mar.  181 5. 

4.  Francis   Beverly   Whiting,*  b.   25  July   1807,   d.    19  July 

1828. 

5.  George  William  Carlyle  Whiting,*  of  whom  presently. 

6.  Fairfax  Herbert  Whiting,*  of  whom  presently. 

7.  William  ^^'ilmer  ^^lliting,*  of  whom  presently. 

8.  Ellen  ]\Iarr  Whiting.*  b.  14  June  1817,  d.  28  Sept.  1903. 

9.  Norman  Howard  Whiting.*  b.  17  Feb.  1820,  d.  27  Sept. 

1823. 

George  William  Carlvle  Whitixg,*  fourth  son  of  Carlyle 
Fairfax. •■•  and  Sarah  ^lanly  (Little)  Whiting,  b.  5  July 
1809,  d.  17  Dec.  1864,  m.  24  Dec.  1838,  Mary  Anne 
De  Butts,  dau.  of  John  Pe\ton  and  Marv  Anne  (  De 
Butts*  )  Dulany,  of  Welbourne,  Loudoun  countv,  \'a., 
b.  8  (3ct.  1818.  d.  IT  Jan.  1894.     Issue: 

1.  Julia  Beverly  \\'hiting'.'' 

2.  Norman  Dulany  Whiting,''  d.  in. 

*  Marjf  Anne  De  Butts  (d.  1855),  wife  of  John  Peyton  Dulany,  born 
at  Grantham,  Lincolnshire,  England.  13  Nov.  1786,  had  a  very  interest- 
ing line  of  descent. 

She  was  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  De  Butts  (d.  1814),  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  Mary  Anne  Welby  ( d.  1828),  daughter  of  Richard  Welby 
(d.  1782),  of  Welbourne  Hall,  Lincolnshire,  and  Anne  King,  his  wife, 
daughter  of  Neville  King  (d.  17,30),  of  Ashby-de-la-Launde,  Lincoln- 
shire, and  Mary  Middlemore,  his  wife,  of  Somerby  Hall,  Grantham, 
who  was  the  great-granddaughter  of  the  distinguished  Robert  Sander- 
son, D.  D..  Bishop  of  Lincoln  (d.  1662),  a  devoted  Royalist  and  chap- 
lain to  Charles  I.,  who  used  to  say,  "I  carry  my  ears  to  hear  other 
preachers,  but  I  carry  my  conscience  to  hear  Dr.  Sanderson  and  to 
act  accordingly."  He  was  of  the  same  family  as  Sir  Nicholas  Sander- 
son, Viscount  Castleton.  -^^ 

Her  mother,  ]\L-iry  Anne  Welby.  wife  of  Dr.^Butts,  was  the  first 
cousin  of  Sir  Wilbam  Earle  Welby,  ist  Bart.  (d.  1815),  of  Denton, 
near    Grantham,   and    member   of    Parliament. 

Her  great-grandfather,  Neville  King,  was  the  son  of  Edward  King 


GtlJliliE    Wll.LIA.M    (    AKI.'ll.K    \VMiriN(;,    )S(l!)-]8(i4. 


32  Caki.vlk    Family 

3.  Clarence  Carlyle  Whiting,''  of  whom  presently. 

4.  Xina  Carlyle  Whiting,"'  d.  un,  13  June   lyio. 

5.  Alice  Herbert  Whiting,"'  m.  24  Nov.  1880,  Richard  Henry 

Spencer,  son  of  Henry  Spencer,  a  lineal  descendant 
of  James  Spencer,  Jr.  (1692).  of  "Spencer  Hall," 
Talbot  Covmty,  Md.,  whose  ancestor,  Robert  Spen- 
cer came  from  Bedfordshire.  England,  and  was 
allied  to  the  noble  family  of  that  name. 

6.  Mary  Anne  Dulany  Whiting,"  d.  im.,  5  April  1881. 

7.  Rose  Welby  Whiting."' 

8.  Neville  Herbert  Whiting."  of  whom  presently. 

9.  Guy  Fairfax  Whiting,'  of  whom  presently. 

10.  Richard  Henry  Dulany  Whiting."' 

11.  Maud  Xeville  Whiting."' 

Cr.ARiiNCK  Carlyle  WLnTixc.,"'  second  son  of  George  William 
Carlyle*  and  Mary  Anne  De  Butts  (Dulany)  Whit- 
ing, m.  29  Jan.  1877,  Marion  Gordon,  dau.  of  C. 
Hughes  and  Agnes  (Gordon)  Armistead.     Lssue : 

1.  Clarence  Carlyle  Whiting.**  d.  aet.   13. 

2.  George    Armistead    Whiting."    m.    12    Feb.    1901.    Mary 

Susan,  dau.  of  Lawrence  Lewis  and  Mary  Susan 
(Gay)  Butler.     Issue: 

1.  Eleanor  Custis  Whiting,'  b.  3  Jan.  1902. 

2.  Lawrence  Lewis  Butler  Whiting."  b.  9  April  1906. 

3.  Norman  Stewart  Whiting.'''  d.  in. 

4.  George  William  Carlyle  Whiting.''  m.  30  Oct.  1907,  Natha- 

lie Contee,  dau.  of  J.  ^vlarshall  and  Annie  (Gregg) 
Thomas.     Issue : 
1.  Gordon  Carlyle  \\'hiting,'   b.  20  June   1909. 

5.  Agnes  Gordon  Whiting.*^ 


(d.  1692)  and  Bridget  Neville,  daughter  of  Sir  Gerva.se  Neville  (d. 
1654),  "of  the  once  great  and  powerful  family  of  Neville,  Lords  of 
Raby,  who  became  Earls  of  Westmoreland,"  and  Katherine  Hutton, 
his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Hutton,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  York. 

(See    Burke's    Peerage.      Also    "Lincolnshire    Pedigrees,"    Harleiar 
Society   Publications,  Volume  51.   1903.) 


CaRLVI.K.     IvVMILV  33 

6.  ^Nlarv  Dulany  Whiting,''  d.   in. 

7.  Marion  Dulany  XMiiting.'' 

Neville  Heki;ert  Wiirnxc.''  third  son  of  George  William 
Carlyle*  and  ^lary  Anne  De  T.utts  (Dulany)  Whit- 
ing, d.  20  Jan.  ]yo8,  m.  Oct.  1881,  Margaret  Herbert,'^ 
dau.  of  Charles  Keith  and  Eugenia  Cary  (Fairfax-*) 
Hyde.     Issue : 

1.  Edgar  Mason  Whiting.''  h.  24  Dec.  1882.   Lieut.  U.  S.  A. 

2.  George  William  Carlyle  \\hiting,''  b.   Nov.    1885.   Lieut. 

U.  S.  A. 

3.  Neville   Herbert  Whiting.''  b.  4   ^Lay    1887. 

4.  Brian  Fairfax  Whiting.''  b.  Nov.  1888. 

Grv  Fairfax  Wiutixc.,"'  AF  D.,  fourth  son  of  George  Wil- 
liam Carlyle''  and  ]\lary  Anne  De  Butts  (Dulany) 
Whiting,  m.  ii  Nov.  1884,  Alice  Horn,  dau.  of  Dr. 
Matthew  Dykeman  and  ]Niary  J.  (Mott)  \'an  Doren. 
Fssue : 

1.  Guy  Fairfax  Whiting,''  b.  28  Aug.   1885.  d.  6  Jan.  1886. 

2.  Carlyle  b'airfax  Whiting,''  b.  15  Mar.  1887,  d.  i  Jan.  1889. 

3.  Alice  \'an  Doren  Whiting,"  b.  6  March   1891. 

4.  Julia   Heverly  Whiting,"  b.  5  Aug.    i8(j2. 

I-\\iRiAx    1  Ii:ri!i:rt   \\'iirrixG,*   fifth   son   of   Carlyle   Fairfax'^ 
and  Sarah  Manly  (Little)  Whiting,  b.  25  April  1813, 
(1.  2X  -Mar.  1890.  UL  Margaret  Douglas.     Issue: 
T.   Charles  iienr\-  Whiting."' 

2.  ]'"airfax  Herbert   Whiting."' 

3.  I'rancis  Beverl\-  Whiting."' 

4.  I  )(iugla'>  Whiling.'' 

5.  Margarcl  ('arlyU'  Whiting."' 

WlLLLS.M  Wil.mi;r  Wiinixc'  sixth  -on  of  Carlyle  hairfax,"' 
and  .Sarah  Manly  (Little)  Whiting,  b.  7  April  1815, 
d.  12  May  1888.  m.  Lucy  I"...  dau.  of  hrancis  r.e\erly 
and   Mar\'   (iiurwell)    Whiling.      issue: 

1.  ]-"lorence  Whiting.'  d.  nn.,  J<)  Sept.   1886. 

2.  Carlyle   j-'airfax    Whiting.''  C.   S.   A.   killed   in   the   war.  3 

X'ov.  1864. 


The  Carlti.e  House  1V52. 


THE  CARLYLE  HOUSE  AXL)   ITS  ASSOCIATIONS— 

BRADDOCK'S  HEADQUARTERS— HERE  THE 

COLONIAL  GOVERNORS  MET  IN 

COUNCIL,  APRIL,  1755. 

To  the  student  of  histon-  and  biography,  particularly  of 
the  Colonial  period,  everything  connected  with  the  stirring 
events  of  those  days,  is  invested  with  a  peculiar  charm.  There 
are  a  great  many  historic  houses  of  the  Revolution  which  are 
well  known,  but  the  Colonial  houses  with  their  earlier  his- 
tory, are  none  the  less  interesting  because  so  little  has  been 
written  about  them  or  their  owners. 

In  this  country,  with  its  spirit  of  progress  and  the  desire 
for  that  which  is  new,  we  have  levelled  to  the  earth  many  of 
its  old  landmarks,  and  we  are  still  continuing  to  do  so. 

We  have  no  embattled  castles  telling  of  feudal  wars  and 
imprisoned  enemies,  or  ancient  abbeys  with  their  massive 
towers,  vaulted  domes,  monuments  and  effigies,  armorial  en- 
caustic tiles  and  beautiful  chantry  chapels,  to  thrill  us  with 
wonder  and  delight  and  to  remind  us  of  the  grandeur  and 
splendor  of  the  past,  but  we  have  a  few  old  Colonial  churches 
and  houses  left,  abounding  in  sacred  memories,  in  which  im- 
portant events  have  taken  place,  and  these  should  be  preserved 
from  the  ravages  of  time  and  the  ruthless  hand  of  the  de- 
stroyer. These  shrines  of  the  nation,  unless  cared  for,  will 
pass  rapidly  into  ruin  and  decax-  and  soon  Ijcconu'  onh'  a 
memory. 

Among  them  the  ""(  arlvK-  lli.usc.""  in  Alexandria.  X'irginia, 
built  by  C<jlone]  John  Carlxk'  t\wnty- four  \ear>  before  the 
Revolution,  and  since  generally  known  a>  ■"  I '.ruddock's  Ilead- 
([uarters,"  is  r)ne  of  the  most  iiUercsting  on  arronnt  of  its  as- 
sociation with  the  historic  pa-l. 


36  The  Carlyle  House 

He  was  born  in  Annandale,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  the 
6tli  of  February,  1720,  the  son  of  Dr.  WilHam  Carlyle  of  the 
Torthorwald,  Brydekirk  and  Limekilns  branches  of  the  family, 
who  were  descended  from  Sir  William  Carlile  and  his  wife 
Margaret  Bruce,  the  sister  of  King  Robert  I.  of  Scotland. 

Coming  to  America  about  the  year  1740,  and  settling  first 
at  Dumfries,  \'irginia,  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  in  1748, 
of  the  town  of  Alexandria,  with  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  Hon- 
orable William  Fairfax  of  Belvoir,  George  William  Fairfax, 
Lawrence  Washington  of  Mount  Vernon,  John  Alexander, 
Gerard  Alexander,  Philip  Alexander  and  others.  He  was  also 
one  of  the  most  active  members  with  George  William  Fairfax, 
Lawrence  Washington,  Augustine  Washington  and  others  of 
"The  Ohio  Company,"  which  was  formed  to  secure  a  share 
of  the  trade  with  the  Indians  of  that  region,  as  well  as  to  es- 
tablish a  colony  or  colonies  therein.  Hon.  Thomas  Lee,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Council  of  Virginia,  whose  sons  Richard  Henry 
Lee  and  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee  were  afterwards  two  of  the 
Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  took  the  lead  in 
the  management  of  the  affairs  of  the  company,  but  upon  his 
death  Lawrence  Washington  was  chosen  as  his  successor.  A 
few  families  were  settled  under  the  auspices  of  the  company, 
but  the  French  and  Indian  wars  finally  caused  a  total  sus- 
pension of  operations. 

Edward  Everett  in  his  "Life  of  George  Washington,"  says, 
''Out  of  this  germ  of  private  enterprise  grew  the  Seven  Years' 
war,  and  by  no  doubtful  chain  of  cause  and  effect,  the  war  of 
American  Independence." 

The  "Carlyle  House"  is  still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation 
and  ought  to  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  historic  houses 
in  America.  It  is  situated  at  the  corner  of  Fairfax  and 
Cameron  Streets.  On  what  is  called  the  east  front — that  por- 
tion facing  the  Potomac  River,  from  which  a  fine  view  of  the 
house  can  be  obtained — is  a  door  with  a  keystone  over  it,  in 
which  are  cut  the  letters  "J.  S.  C,"  and  underneath  them  the 
figures  "1752,"  showing  the  year  that  John  Carlyle  built  the 
house,  the  letter  "S,"  being  for  his  wife   Sarah,  the  second 


General  Edward  Braddock 

From  f'assano'ti  Maryland.     .Stories  from 

Her  History. 


279560 


38  The  Carlyle  House 

daughter  of  Honorable  William  Fairfax  of  Belvoir,  her  eldest 
sister  Anne,  being  then  the  wife  of  Lawrence  Washington  of 
Mount  Vernon,  the  half  brother  of  George  Washington.  The 
"Carlyle  House"  is  said  to  have  been  built  upon  a  stone  fort, 
supposed  to  have  been  erected  by  the  very  earliest  settlers,  as 
a  defense  against  the  Indians,  the  old  fort  being  turned  into 
a  cellar,  and  above  it  the  mansion  was  reared.  This  square, 
well  built  house  was  once  surrounded  by  a  lawn  sloping  to  the 
river's  edge,  and  shaded  by  lofty  trees,  but  it  is  now  hemmed 
in,  the  City  having  grown  up  around  it.  It  is  usually  spoken 
of  as  "Braddock's  Headquarters,"  from  the  fact  that  General 
Edward  Braddock  and  his  aid-de-camp  Captain  Robert  Orme 
were  the  guests  of  Colonel  Carlyle  in  March  and  April  1755, 
and  the  five  Colonial  Governors  met  here  in  Council  to  concert 
measures  for  the  campaign  against  the  French  and  just  be- 
fore Braddock  started  on  his  disastrous  expedition  to  Fort 
Duquesne.  It  was  here  that  General  Braddock  first  met  the 
youthful  Washington,  whom  he  had  already  invited  to  become 
a  member  of  his  military  family.  And  here  also  were  Ben- 
jamin Franklin,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Colonel  William  John- 
son. Commodore  Keppel,  Sir  Peter  Halkett,  once  a  INIember  of 
Parliament,  but  then  in  the  army,  and  many  of  the  British  mil- 
itary and  naval  officers  then  in  Alexandria. 

In  October  1753,  Governor  Robert  Dinwiddie  of  A'irginia, 
sent  George  Washington,  on  a  mission  to  La  Gardeur  de  Saint 
Pierre,  the  French  Commandant  of  the  Fort  on  the  upper 
Ohio  River,  to  demand  an  evacuation  of  the  territory,  but  his 
mission  was  unsuccessful.  Troops  were  then  ordered  to  be 
raised  at  once  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Joshua  Fry 
and  Lieutenant  Colonel  George  Washington,  and  on  the  26th 
of  January  1754,  Governor  Dinwiddie  appointed  John  Carlyle, 
Major  and  Commissary  of  the  \^irginia  forces. 

The  campaign,  however,  of  that  year  was  unsuccessful, 
ending  in  July,  in  the  surrender  by  Colonel  Washington  of 
Fort  Necessity  to  M.  Coulon  de  Villiers. 

After  this  unfortunate  affair,  the  English  Government  de- 
termined to  send  over  two  Regiments  of  Infantry  of  about  five 


AxD  Its  Associatioxs  39 

hundred  men  each,  the  44'^  under  Colonel  Sir  Peter  Halkett 
and  the  48'''  under  Colonel  Thomas  Dunbar. 

On  the  24"^  of  November  1754.  Major  General  Edward 
Braddock  ^  was  appointed  "General  &  Commander  of  all  & 
singular  our  Troops  &  Forces,  Y^  are  now  in  North  America 
&  Y'  shall  be  sent  or  rais'd  there  to  vindicate  our  just  Rights 
&  Possessions  in  those  Parts." 

A  fort  at  Wills's  Creek  was  erected  and  named  Fort  Cum- 
berland, in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  Captain  Gen- 
eral of  the  British  Army,  and  where  now  stands  the  flourish- 
ing City  of  Cumberland,  Maryland. 

General  Braddock  sailed  the  24th  of  December  1754.  on 
board  the  "Norwich."  accompanied  by  the  famous  "Cen- 
turion."' whose  figure  head  adorns  Greenwich  Hospital  to-day, 
the  flagship  of  Commodore  Augustus  Keppel.  and  the 
"Syren,"  followed  a  little  later  by  the  transports,  ordinance 
ships  and  convoys. 

The  Honorable  Augustus  Keppel  (1725-86).  who  com- 
manded the  little  squadron,  second  son  of  William  Anne  Kep- 
pel, 2"^  Earl  of  Albemarle,  for  whom  Queen  Anne  stood  god- 
mother in  person,  and  thence  his  second  name,  entered  the 
Navy  and  became  eminent  as  Admiral  Keppel.  His  father 
was  Governor-in-Chief  of  \"irginia  (which  he  never  visited) 
for  seventeen  years  and  until  his  death  the  22"''  of  December 
1754.  just  two  (la\s  before  the  s([uadron  sailed  for  \'irginia. 
His  second  sister  Lady  Caroline  Keppel  married  in  1758, 
Robert  Adair,  for  whom  she  wrote  before  her  marriage  to 
him.  that  ])rautiful  l)alla(l  "Rubin  Adair,"  that  was  destined 
to  become  familiar  llirMugli  the  IcMiLilli  and  ])rea(lth  of  the  civi- 
lized world. 


^  Edward  Braddock  born  in  1695.  son  of  Major  General  Edward 
Braddock,  entered  the  ami)'  as  an  Ensign  in  the  Coldstream  Guards 
14th.  October  1710.  Lieutenant  Colonel  2ist.  Noveml)er  1745.  Major 
General  29fb.  March  1754.  and  24th.  September.  Commander  in  chief 
of  his  Majestys'  Forces  in  .America. 

He  was  fatally  wounded  at  the  engageiucnt  on  the  Monongaliela,  Qlh. 
July  1755,  and  died  four  days  later. 


40  The  CARi,vr,E  House 

The  inhabitants  of  the  colonies  of  Virginia,  Maryland  and 
Pennsylvania  eagerly  looked  forward  to  the  arrival  of  Gen- 
eral Braddock  and  his  army,  and  to  the  ultimate  defeat  of  the 
French.  Expressions  of  popular  pleasure  were  frequent  and 
the  poets  of  the  day  were  inspired  to  tune  their  joyful  lyres 
to  strains  like  these. 

"Breathe,  breathe,  ye  winds,  rise,  rise,  ye  gentle  gales ; 
Swell  the  ship's  canvass,  and  expand  her  sails  ! 
Ye  sea-green  Nymphs,  the  royal  vessel  deign 
To  guide  propitious  o'er  the  liquid  main; 
Freighted  with  wealth,  for  noble  ends  designed 
(So  willed  great  George,  and  so  the  Fates  inclined.) 
The  ponderous  Cannon  o'er  the  surges  sleep  ; 
The  flaming  Muskets  swim  the  raging  deep  : 
The  mur'drous  Swords,  concealed  in  scabbards,  sail : 
And  pointed  Bayonets  partake  the  gale; 
Ah!  swiftly  waft  her  to  the  longing  shore; 
In  safety  land  her,  and  we  ask  no  more !" 

On  the  20th  of  February  1755,  General  Braddock  arrived 
at  Hampton  Roads,  and  immediately  went  to  Williamsburg, 
where  Commodore  Keppel  agreed  to  meet  him,  to  consult  with 
Governor  Dinwiddle. 

By  the  middle  of  ]March  the  entire  fleet  had  arrived  and 
proceeded  up  the  Chesapeake  Bay  and  up  the  Potomac  River, 
passing  by  Mount  Vernon,  to  Alexandria.  General  Braddock 
remained  in  Williamsburg  planning  with  Governor  Dinwid- 
dle preparations  for  the  approaching  campaign. 

On  the  loth  of  March,  General  Braddock  from  Williams- 
burg, wrote  to  the  Governors  of  Massachusetts,  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania  requesting  them  to  meet  him  in  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  the  beginning  of  April,  for  consultation  and  to  set- 
tle upon  a  plan  of  operations,  and  urging  on  them  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  common  fund  for  defraving  in  part  the  expenses 
of  the  expedition. 

On  the  26th  of  INIarch,  accompanied  bv  Governor  Dinwid- 
dle and  Commodore  Keppel,  he  arrived  in  Alexandria,  and 
made  his  headquarters  at  the  "Carlyle  House,"  all  the  forces 
having  reached  there  by  that  time,  where  they  were  encamped. 


COMMODOKK   AL(iL\SH-.-;    Kki'I'KI.. 


42  The  Carlvle  House 

Ihe  next  day  he  announced  the  appointment  of  Captain  Robert 
Orme^  of  the  Coldstream  Regiment  of  Guards  and  Captain 
Roger  Morris-  of  Colonel  Dunbar's  Regiment  of  Foot,  as  his 
aids-de-camp;  and  on  the  31st,  General  Braddock  reviewed 
the  forces,  in  the  presence  of  Governor  Dinwiddie  and  Com- 
modore Keppel. 

On  the  3rd  of  April,  General  Braddock,  Commodore  Kep- 
pel, Governor  Dinwiddie,  Captain  Orme  and  William  Shir- 
ley, Esqr.,  went  to  Annapolis,  where  they  were  the  guests  of 
Governor  Sharpe  until  the  7th,  but  owing  to  the  absence  of 
Governor  Shirley  and  Lieutenant  Governors  De  Lancey  and 
Morris,  the  Council  was  postponed  to  the  14th,  the  place  of 
meeting  being  changed  to  Alexandria.     On  the  nth  and  12th, 

1  Robert  Orme  of  Devonshire,  England,  entered  the  army  as  an  En- 
sign in  the  35th  Regiment  of  Foot,  and  in  1745  exchanged  into  the 
Coldstream  Guards.  Accompanying  Braddock  he  served  as  aid-de- 
camp, and  was  wounded  with  him.  He  returned  to  England  the  same 
year  and  in  October,  1756.  resigned  his  commission,  and  married  the 
Hon.  Audrey  Townshend,  only  daughter  of  Charles  Viscount  Town- 
shend,  sister  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Roger  Townshend  who  fell  at  Ticon- 
deroga  in  1759,  and  of  George,  afterwards  ist  Marquis  Townshend,  who 
fought  with  the  victorious  Wolfe  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  the  same 
year,  and  succeeded  him  in  command  after  the  capture  of  Quebec, 
which  surrendered  to  Iiim.  Captain  Orme  was  a  great  favorite  of 
General  Braddock's ;  he  made  a  most  favorable  impression  on  all  whom 
he  encountered,  and  he  and  Washington  became  warm  friends.  The 
day  he  sailed  for  England,  he  wrote  to  Colonel  Washington,  as  follows: 
"Nantasket  Bay.  Nov.  10,  1755.  My  Dear  Friend,  If  you  see  Mr.  Car- 
lyle  tell  him  of  my  Surprise  at  his  not  sending  the  Box  of  Books  and 
Maps  which  was  left  in  my  Bed  Chamber  (Carlvle  House)  and  which 
he  has  not  sent  as  it  by  Accident  was  left  out  of  the  List.  Pray  I'^t 
him  send  it  directed  to  me  in  Hollis  Street,  near  Cavendish  Square, 
London.  Write  to  me  often  and  assure  me  of  your  friendship,  as  I 
have  the  greatest  Pleasure  in  telling  you.  I  am.  Dr.  George.  Yr  affec- 
tionate Friend.  Rob.  Orme." 

-  Roger  Morris  was  born  in  England.  Accompanied  Braddock  as 
one  of  his  aids-de-camp.  He  married  in  1758  Mary  Philipse  of  New 
York,  a  great  heiress,  who  is  said  to  have  been  very  much  admired  by 
Washington  and  whose  character  is  so  beautifully  drawn  by  Cooper  in 
"The  Spy."     She  died  in  England  at  the  age  of  ninety-six. 


AxD  Its  Associations  43 

the  three  Governors,  with  "a  great  number  of  other  gentle- 
men of  distinction."  among  them  Benjamin  FrankHn.  arrived 
at  Annapolis  and  with  Governor  Sharpe  proceeded  to  Alex- 
andria. 

On  Monday,  the  14th  of  April  1755,  and  the  two  following 
days,  General  Braddock  and  Commodore  Keppel  held  a  Coun- 
cil at  the  "Carlyle  House."  through  the  courtesy  of  its  owner 
Colonel  John  Carlyle.  with  the  Governors  of  five  colonies  con- 
cerning plans  for  the  proposed  hostilities  of  the  English  against 
the  French  and  Indian  allies  along  the  Ohio  and  St.  Lawrence 
Rivers  and  concerted  measures  for  the  united  action  of  the 
Northern  and  Middle  Colonies.  Colonel  Washington  met  the 
members  of  the  Council  during  their  stay  in  Alexandria,  all 
of  whom  received  him  very  cordially. 

"There  were  present  at  the  Council,  Flis  Excellency  Ed- 
ward Braddock,  Esq"".,  General  &  Commander  in  Chief  of  his 
Majesty's  Forces  in  North  America.  The  Hon'^'^  Augustus 
Keppel,  Esq"".,  Commander  in  Chief  of  his  Majesty's  Ships 
and  \'esscls  in  North  America.  The  Hon'"^'  U'illiam  Shirlev.^ 
Esq^  The  Uon"^'  Robert  Dinwiddie,^  Esq-".  The  Hon'"* 
James  De  Lancey,^  Escj''.  The  Hon'''*  Horatio  Sharpe.-*  Esq'. 
The  Hon*"*  Robert  Hunter  [Morris,''  Esq-",  and  William  Shir- 
ley Esq^,  Secretary." 

^  Hon.  William  Shirley,  born  in  Preston,  Sussex,  England,  in  1693. 
Studied  law  and  came  to  Boston,  Mass.  to  live  in  1734.     Governor  of 
Massachusetts  1741-56.     He  died  24th.  Marcli  1771. 

2  Hon.  Robert  Dinwiddle,  born  in  Scotland  in  1693,  Collector  of 
Customs  in  Bermuda  in  1727.  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Virginia,  1751- 
58.     He  died  in   England   ist.  August  1770. 

•^  Hon.  James  DeLanccy,  son  of  a  Huguenot  emigrant  from  Caen, 
Normandy.  Born  in  New  York  City,  27th.  November  1703.  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  of  New  York  1753-55.     H^'  'li'^'fl  2nd.  August  1760. 

*  Hon.  Horatio  Sharpe  born  in  England.  In  early  life  he  was  nn 
officer  in  the  British  Army.  Proprietary  Governor  of  Maryland  1753- 
68.     He  died  glh  November  1790. 

^  Hon.  Robert  Hunter  Morris,  son  of  lion.  Lewis  Morris  Governor 
of  New  Jersey.  Born  in  Morrisania,  New  York  about  1700.  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  of  Pennsylvania  1754-56.     He  died  20th.  February  1764. 


44  TiiK  Caklyle  House 

"The  General's  Commission  having  been  read  and  the  Ar- 
ticles of  his  Instructions  from  his  Majesty  relating  to  a  com- 
mon Fund  to  be  established  in  the  Colonies  for  carrying  on 
the  services  under  the  General's  direction,  and  also  the  article 
relating"  to  the  measures  to  be  taken  for  engaging  the  Indians 
in  his  Majesty's  interest,"  the  members  of  the  Council  agreed 
upon  a  plan  of  operations  and  arranged  the  details.  General 
Braddock  proposed  to  proceed  in  person  against  Fort 
Duquesne,  while  Governor  Shirley  was  to  command  an  ex- 
pedition against  Niagara  and  Colonel  William  Johnson  (who 
was  in  Alexandria  at  the  time)  one  against  Crown  Point.  Af- 
ter the  plans  of  the  campaigns  had  been  arranged  the  Gov- 
ernors in  Council,  on  the  subject  of  the  common  Fund  pro- 
posed, "gave  it  as  their  unanimous  opinion  that  such  a  Fund 
can  never  be  established  in  the  Colonies  Avithout  the  aid  of 
Parliament."  They  likewise  declared  "that  having  found  it 
impracticable  to  obtain  in  their  respective  governments,  their 
proportions  expected  by  his  Majesty  towards  defraying  the 
expense  of  his  service  in  North  America,  that  they  were  un- 
animously of  opinion  that  it  should  be  proposed  to  his 
Majesty's  Ministers  to  find  out  some  method  of  compelling 
them  to  do  it,  and  of  assessing  the  several  Governments  in  pro- 
portion to  their  respective  abilities,  their  shares  of  the  whole 
money  already  furnished  and  which  it  shall  be  thought  proper 
for  them  further  to  furnish  towards  the  General  expense  of 
his  service." 

Governor  Shirley,  Lieutenant  Governors  De  Lancey  and 
Morris  remained  in  Alexandria  until  the  i/th.  when  they  re- 
turned to  Annapolis  with  Governor  Sharpe.  whose  hospitality 
they  enjoyed  for  several  days,  when  they  and  the  gentlemen 
who  accompanied  them,  went  over  the  Chesapeake  Bay  on 
their  return  to  their  respective  governments  and  homes.  When 
they  arrived  in  Philadelphia  they  were  received  with  every 
demonstration  of  joy.  "At  their  entering  the  City,  they  were 
complimented  with  a  Peal  of  the  New  Sett  of  eight  bells  in 
Christ  Church  steeple.  They  were  likewise  saluted  with  a 
Round  of  Twentv  one  brass  guns."     These  eight  bells  pealed 


4 

^ 

4^ 

^^3^^^'^^ 

r^^ 

H 

'¥"'1 

\m 

I  .iiv  KitNon  William  Shiklkv. 


46  The  Caklvle  House 

forth  twenty  one  years  afterwards,  with  the  Liberty  Bell,  to 
announce  the  signing  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The 
chime  of  bells  is  still  in  the  belfry  of  old  historic  Christ  Church 
steeple  and  are  rung  every  Sunday  in  "ye  ancient  manner," 
as  they  were  rung  when  President  Washington  and  the  Re- 
volutionary heroes  worshipped  there  in  the  long  ago,  and  in 
July  1908,  the  same  old  Liberty  Bell,  on  a  carefully  guarded 
truck  and  partly  buried  in  straw,  was  shown  in  Philadelphia's 
great  historical  pageant  just  as  it  was  hurried  away,  with  the 
chimes  of  Christ  Church,  in  a  hay  wagon  to  Allentown,  Pa., 
for  safekeeping  in  1777. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  Council,  General  Braddock 
wrote  from  the  "Carlyle  House,"  on  April  19,  1755,  to  Sir 
Thomas  Robinson,  one  of  his  Majesty's  Secretaries  of  State, 
as  follows:  "The  copy  inclosed  will  acquaint  you  of  the  dif- 
ferent subjects  that  have  been  examined  in  Council,  and  what 
I  brought  upon  the  carpet  at  this  interview  which  I  have  had 
with  the  Governors.  '■'  ■■'-  *  You  will  be  sufficiently  in- 
formed. Sir,  by  the  minutes  of  the  Council,  which  I  send  you, 
of  the  impossibility  of  obtaining  from  several  colonies  the 
establishment  of  a  general  fund  agreeable  to  his  Majesty's  in- 
structions, and  to  the  letters  you  have  directed  to  me  for 
several  Governors.  *  *  *  I  cannot  but  take  the  liberty  to 
represent  to  you  the  necessity  of  laying  a  tax  upon  all  his 
Majesty's  dominions  in  America,  agreeably  to  the  result  of 
Council,  for  reimbursing  the  great  sums  that  must  be  advanced 
for  the  service  and  interest  of  the  colonies  in  this  important 
crisis." 

This  was  the  first  suggestion  by  British  officials  in  Coun- 
cil, for  taxing  the  American  Colonies — a  project  wdiich  ended 
in  their  independence. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  it  had  been  decided  to  march  the 
troops  at  once  from  Alexandria  in  two  divisions,  accordingly 
General  Braddock,  on  his  return  from  Annapolis  on  the  7th 
of  April,  Ordered,  "That  all  Departments  for  Duty  of  every 
nature  whatever  are  to  parade  at  the  Grand  Parade  and  to 
march  from  thence."     These  were  stirring  times  in  the  little 


(iOVEKNOK  ROIEKT   1  IN'WIDDIE 


48  The  Carlyle  House 

town,  meeting  of  the  Royal  Governors,  many  dinner  parties 
and  much  ceremony. 

On  the  8th,  the  Grand  Parade  took  place,  and  General 
Braddock,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  and  distinguished  as- 
sembly of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  reviewed  the  troops,  British 
and  Provincial,  of  which  reference  is  made  by  Colonel  Wash- 
ington, in  a  humorous  letter  to  ^Nlrs.  George  William  Fair- 
fax, dated  Fort  Cumberland,  May  14,  1755.  "I  have  at  last 
with  great  pains  and  difficulty  discovered  the  reason  why  ^Irs. 
Wardrope  is  a  greater  favorite  of  General  Braddock  than  ]\Irs. 
F X,  and  met  with  more  respect  at  the  review  in  Alexan- 
dria. The  cause  I  shall  communicate,  after  having  rallied  you 
upon  neglecting  the  means  which  produced  the  effect.  And 
what  do  you  think  they  were  ?  Why,  nothing  less,  I  assure  you, 
than  a  present  of  delicious  cake  and  potted  wood-cocks,  which 
so  afifected  the  palate  as  to  leave  a  deep  impression  upon  the 
hearts  of  all  who  tasted  of  them.  How  then,  could  the  Gen- 
eral do  otherwise  than  admire,  not  only  the  charm,  but  the 
politeness  of  this  lady." 

Between  the  8th  and  the  18th  days  of  April,  the  two  di- 
visions started  on  their  march  to  Fort  Cumberland,  and  by  the 
i8th  of  June,  General  Braddock  with  his  whole  force  of  about 
two  thousand,  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  had  reached  the 
Little  Meadows,  when  it  was  decided  to  move  forward  with 
a  detachment  under  the  command  of  General  Braddock  in 
person.  Sir  Peter  Halkett  ^  acting  as  Brigadier,  Lieutenant 
Colonels  Burton  and  Gage,  with  a  little  over  twelve  hundred 
men  and  twelve  pieces  of  cannon. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  they  reached  the  fatal  Monongahela 
River,  where  Colonel  Washington,  who  had  been  ill,  rejoined 
General  Braddock  as  his  aid-de-camp. 

1  Sir  Peter  Halkett  born  in  Scotland  in  1695.  He  was  the  son  of 
Sir  Peter  Wedderburne,  who  marrying  the  heiress  of  the  ancient 
family  of  Halkett  assumed  her  name.  In  1734,  he  was  in  the  House  of 
Commons.  Colonel  of  the  44th.  Regiment  of  Foot  1751.  His  son 
James  was  killed  with  him  in  the  battle  of  the  Monongahela,  9th.  July 
1755- 


And  Its  Associations  49 

On  the  9th,  Lieutenant  Gage  with  about  four  hundred  men 
was  ordered  to  advance  early  in  the  morning.  By  one  o'clock 
the  entire  army  had  crossed  the  river  the  second  time,  at  a 
point  about  seven  miles  from  Fort  Duquesne,  when  the  ad- 
vance guard  was  attacked  by  a  body  of  French  and  Indians, 
concealed  behind  rocks  and  trees.  The  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  disastrous  defeat  and  the  dreadful  slaughter  on  that 
day,  is  too  generally  known  to  require  a  detailed  account. 

With  Braddock  on  that  beautiful,  but  fateful  summer  day, 
there  were  five  young  men,  all  of  whom  afterwards  gained  re- 
nown in  the  Revolutionary  war — Gage  commander  of  the 
British  Troops  at  Bunker  Hill ;  Gates  victor  at  Saratoga;  Mer- 
cer killed  at  Princeton ;  ]\Iorgan  who  defeated  Tarleton  at 
the  Cowpens,  and  last  but  not  least  George  Washington. 

Thackeray,  in  his  novel.  "The  Mrginians,"  gives  a  spirited 
account  of  Braddock's  defeat  and  refers  to  the  marvelous 
rapidity  with  which  tidings  of  the  disaster  were  circulated, 
in  Eastern  \'irginia. 

"The  house  negroes,  in  their  midnight  gallops  about  the 
country,  in  search  of  junketing  or  sweethearts,  brought  and 
spread  news  over  amazingly  wide  districts.  They  had  a 
curious  knowledge  of  the  incidents  of  the  march  for  a  fort- 
night at  least  after  its  commencement.  '''•  *  *  But  on  the 
loth  of  July,  a  vast  and  sudden  gloom  spread  over  the  prov- 
ince. A  look  of  terror  and  doubt  seemed  to  fall  upon  every 
face.  Afifrighted  negroes  wislfullv  eyed  their  masters  and  re- 
tired;  and  hummed  and  whispered  with  one  another.  The 
fiddles  ceased  in  the  quarters  ;  the  song  and  laugh  of  those 
cheery  black  folk  were  hushed.  Right  and  left,  everybody's 
servants  were  on  the  gallop  for  news.  The  country  taverns 
were  thronged  with  horsemen,  who  drank  and  cursed  and 
brawled  at  the  bars,  each  bringing  his  glooniv  stnrv.  The 
arm\-  had  been  -surprised.  The  troops  had  I'allrn  into  an  am- 
buscade, and  had  Ikcii  cut  u])  ahiiosi  to  a  man.  All  the  offi- 
cers were  taken  down  by  the  I'rcnch  marksmen  and  savages. 
The  General  had  been  wounded  and  carried  off  the  field  in  his 
sash.  Four  days  afterwards  the  rejjort  was  tliat  he  was  dead, 
and  scalped  by  a    j-'rench    Indian." 


50  Till';    CARLVl.Ii    HOLSE 

The  news  of  Braddock's  defeat  spread  consternation  in  the 
colonies,  and  in  England  it  was  received  with  mingled  feelings 
of  regret  and  amusement.  Regret  at  the  great  sacrifice  of 
human  life,  and  the  loss,  for  the  time  being,  of  the  territory 
on  the  Ohio  River  and  its  tributaries,  and  amusement  at  the 
inglorious  ending  of  what  was  expected  to  have  been  a  bril- 
liant campaign,  expressing  itself  in  such  lines  as  these  from 
the  Gentlemen's  Magazine  for  September   1755. 

"Ah  !  Braddock.  why  did  you  persuade 
To  stand  and  fight  each  recreant  blade. 
That  left  thee  in  the  wood? 

They  knew  that  those  who  run  away, 
Might  live  to  fight  another  day, 
But  all  must  die  that  stood." 

It  is  interesting  to  note,  that  the  sash  worn  bv  General 
Braddock  and  in  which  he  was  carried  from  the  field,  is  still  in 
existence,  the  history  of  which  is  thus  graphically  told  by  the 
late  General  William  Price  Craighill,  U.  S.  A.,  in  the  West 
Virginia  Historical  IMagazine,  July  1902.  'T  saw  this  sash 
in  Winchester,  Virginia,  several  years  ago,  through  the 
courtesy  of  Mrs.  Betty  Taylor  Dandridge.  She  had  received 
it  from  her  father  General  Zachary  Taylor,  who  died  as  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States.  The  sash  is  very  large  and  made 
of  red  silk.  It  has  on  it  the  date  of  1709.  The  stains  of  blood 
on  it  are  distinctly  visible.  The  report  of  De  Haas,  (History 
of  the  early  settlement  and  Indian  Wars  of  Western  Virginia,) 
is  that  in  1846,  'a  gentleman  of  New  Orleans'  had  the  sash. 
His  wish  was  that  it  should  be  presented  to  the  soldier  who 
was  most  distinguished  in  the  'recent  campaign'  on  the  Rio 
Grande.  Thus  it  came  into  the  possession  of  General  Taylor 
after  his  victories  at  Buena  \  ista,  Resaca  de  la  Palma  and 
Monterev.  After  prolonged  and  diligent  search  I  ascertained 
that  the  sash  passed  into  the  hands  of  General  Washington 
at  the  death  of  Braddock  in  1755.  From  him  Nellie  Custis 
received  it.  She  became  Mrs.  Lawrence  Lewis,  and  one  of 
her    daughters     (the    eldest    Frances    Park    Lewis)    married 


GO\KKNOU    HORATIO   SHAKPE 

h'roiii  Panmnii'i-  Mary/anii.    Stories 
from  ]Ier  History. 


The  Carlvle  JtIouse 


Colonel  E.  G.  W.  Butler  of  Louisiana,  and  he  was  'the  gentle- 
man of  Xew  Orleans,'  who  presented  the  sash  to  General 
Taylor." 

This  famous  sash,  now  over  two  hundred  years  old,  is  still 
preserved  with  jealous  care.  It  is  a  singular  coincidence  that 
General  Taylor  died  in  1850,  on  the  anniversary  of  the  defeat 
of  General  Braddock. 

It  is  of  more  than  passing  interest  to  add,  that  on  the  loth 
of  Xovember,  1907,  the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  placed  a  "boulder"  on  the  sacred  grounds 
of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Saint  Peter  and  Saint  Paul,  at 
Mount  St.  Alban,  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  line  of  march 
taken  by  Braddock's  soldiers  and  seamen,  when  they  went 
from  Alexandria  to  Rock  Creek  and  thence  to  Frederick- 
Town,  Maryland,  and  placed  thereon  a  bronze  tablet  bearing 
this  inscription : 


THIS  MEMORIAL 

W^\S  ERECTED  IX  1907, 

BY  THE  SOCIETY  OF  COLOXIAL  WARS 

IX  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA, 

TO  MARK  THE  ROAD  OVER  WHICH, 

OX  APRIL  14,   1755, 

A  DIVISIOX  OF  THE  BRITISH  ARMY, 

UXDER   GEXERAL   BRADDOCK, 

^lARCHED  OX  ITS  WAY 

TO  FORT  DUOUESXE. 


The  ceremony  of  the  unveiling  was  performed  by  the  Hon- 
orable James  Bryce,  British  Ambassador,  the  bronze  tablet 
was  covered  by  two  laurel  wreaths,  one  with  the  British  and 
the   other    with   the   American   colorsT    And   in    the   distance, 


COLONEL  SIK    PETEH    IIALKETT. 


54  Till-:  Carlvle  House 

rising   majestically,   could   be   clearly   seen   the   white   marble 
shaft  to  the  memory  of  Washington. 

Lawrence  Washington  of  Mount  \>rnon,  died  in  1752, 
leaving  a  valuable  estate,  his  executors  being  Honorable  Wil- 
liam Fairfax,  George  William  Fairfax,  Augustine  Washington, 
George  \\'ashington,  Maj""  John  Carlyle  and  Nathaniel  Chap- 
man. After  the  estate  had  been  divided.  Colonel  Carlyle  wrote 
to  Colonel  George  Washington  the  following  letter  in  reference 
to  some  quit  rents. 

"Alex--  June  28,  1760. 

To  Colo.  Washington, 

at   Mount   \'ernon. 

Sir.  Coll.  Fairfax  Calling  upon  ]Me  for  to  Settle  The  Ot 
Rents  due  on  Y'r  Brother's  Lands,  when  I  had  the  Estate  In 
my  hands  &  acquainting  me  that  Mr.  John  Washington  Said 
I  had  Credit  for  the  Sum  In  the  Estate's  Acct,  I  have  In- 
closed you  a  Copy  of  my  Supposed  Acct  When  the  Estate  was 
Divided,  by  which  you'l  See  the  Estate  would  have  been  £32. 
in  my  debt  had  I  paid  the  Qt  Rents.  In  the  Acct  I  Settled 
With  the  Court  I  take  Credit  for  £62.6.9.  pd.  Lord  Fairfax,  but 
that  is  for  a  Protested  bill  of  Exchange  which  I  took  in  for  the 
Ot  Rents  before  the  Death  of  your  brother.  If  you'l  gett  your 
acct  from  Your  overseer  &  fix  a  time  any  time  I  am  ready 
to  furnish  the  whole  amt.  I  have  paid  several  Debts  Since  the 
Settlement  &  am  ready  to  finish  the  whole  when  you  Will  get 
an  acct  of  the  Frederick  affairs.  If  you'l  Settle  in  the  mean- 
time with  Coll.  Fairfax  the  Exact  Sum  of  Ot  Rents  &  Draw 
an  order  on  us,  for  the  Estate,  We  W'ill  pay  it  as  I  believe 
We  have  Sixty  or  Seventy  pds  In  our  hands  &  am 

Yr  Obedt  Hble  Ser't 

John  Carlyle. 

(Endorsed)  "Col°  Carlyle's  Lett^  28th  June  1760,  relat'g 
to  my  dec'd  Br.  Law's  Estate."  The  endorsement  is  in  the 
handwriting  of  General  Washington. 


AxD  Its  Associations 


.~>5 


Colonel  Carlyle's  wife  Sarah,  the  second  daughter  of  Hon- 
orable William  Fairfax,  died  on  the  22nd  of  January  1761, 
"A  lady  of  a  most  amiable  Character,  endowed  with  excellent 
qualities  and  her  death  is  (was)  universally  lamented  by  all 
who  had  the  pleasure  of  her  Acquaintance."  Sixteen  months 
before  she  had  mourned  the  loss  of  her  young  brother,  Wil- 
liam Henry  Fairfax,  born  in  Virginia,  of  the  28th  British 
Regulars,  who  fell  with  Wolfe  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  the 
13th  of  September  1759,  in  the  memorable  battle  which  de- 
cided the  fate  of  Canada. 

Colonel  Carlyle  and  his  family  were  on  the  most  intimate 
terms  with  the  Washingtons  and  were  frequent  visitors  at 
Mount  Vernon,  and  at  the  "Carlyle  House"  George  Washing- 
ton, from  early  manhood,  was  a  constant  and  honored  guest. 
In  his  diary  mention  is  often  made  of  his  having  "Lodg^  at 
Col°  Carlyle's"  or  "Dined  at  Col°  Carlyle's." 

He  died  in  October  1780,  leaving  a  daughter  by  his  first 
wife  and  an  only  son  by  his  second  wife,  George  William 
Carlyle  born  in  1765,  who  joined  the  army  in  February  1781, 
as  a  cadet  in  "Lee's  Legion,"  an  independent  partisan  corps 
which  constantly  hung  on  the  flank  of  the  British  Army  and 
in  South  Carolina  "covered  the  rear  of  General  Greene's 
Army,  giving  occasional  opportunity  for  Tarleton's  Dragoon  s 
to  measure  swords  with  the  Virginians."  He  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  where  "the  corps  rendered  dis- 
tinguished services,"  on  the  8tli  of  September  1781,  in  the 
seventeenth  year  of  his  age. 

General  Henry  Lee  (Light  Horse  Harry)  father  of  Gen- 
eral Robert  E.  Lee,  in  his  "Memoirs  of  the  war  in  the  South- 
ern Department  of  the  United  States,"  says,  "The  gallant 
young  Carlyle  of  Alexandria,  a  cadet  in  the  Regiment,  was 
killed  and  half  the  corps  destroyed." 

Such  a  death  was  a  fitting  end  for  the  scion  of  a  warlike 
race,  which  had  foui,'lit  gallanilv  in  the  fierce  and  romantic 
conflicts  of  Border  warfare  in  Scotland,  had  followed  their 
native  leaders  to  the  Crusades  under  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion 
and  had  served  under  Marshal  llc|)burn  in  the  army  of  Gus- 
tavus  Adolplnis. 


GEORGE    WASHINGTON,    COLONEL 
VIRGINIA    MILITIA 

From  I'asfiano's  Jtari/land.     Storii'S  fron 
Her  llUtorii. 


AxD  Its  Association's  57 

"At  Eutaw  Springs  the  valiant  died ; 

Their  limbs  with  dust  are  covered  o'er, — 
Weep  on.  ye  Springs,  j-our  tearful  tide; 
How  many  heroes  are  no  more ! 

If,  in  this  wreck  of  ruin,  they 

Can  yet  be  thought  to  claim  the  tear. 
Oh,  smite  your  gentle  breast,  and  say. 

The  friends  of  freedom  slumber  here ! 


Now  rest  in  peace,  our  patriot  band ; 

Though  far  from  Nature's  limits  thrown. 
We  trust  they  find  a  happier  land, 

A  brighter  sunshine  of  their  own." 

These  lines  bv  Philip  Freneau,  the  Revolutionary  \\'ar 
poet,  were  pronounced  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  "as  fine  a  thing  as 
there  is  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language." 

Young  Carlyle  who  thus  lost  his  life  in  the  closing  years 
of  the  Revolutionary  War,  fighting  for  the  liberty  of  his 
country,  was  left  a  handsome  estate  by  his  father,  a  part  of 
which,  a  fine  summer  residence  near  Alexandria,  went  at  his 
death  to  his  young  nephew  Carlyle  Fairfax  Whiting.  This 
place  was  originally  named  "Torthorwald,"  after  the  four- 
teenth century  Castle  of  that  name  near  Dumfries,  Scotland, 
long  tlie  seat  of  the  Carlyles,  but  it  was  afterwards  changed 
to  "Morven,"  on  account  of  the  negroes  in  the  neighbour- 
hood calling  it  "TT)iherw()rkl.'"  id  liis  daughter.  Sarah,  wife 
of  William  Herbert,  whose  daughter  Margaret  about  1800 
became  the  wife  of  her  cousin  Thomas,  9th  Lord  Fairfax,  he 
left  the  "Carlyle  House,"  with  all  its  memories  and  traditions. 

Here  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Revolutionary  Army 
often  came  and  went  an  ever  welcome  guest,  and  here  may 
be  said  to  have  been  the  place  where  the  Revolution  was  born, 
for  from  within  its  walls,  ten  years  before  the  Stamp  Act, 
first  came  the  demand  from  a  body  of  officials  representing 
the   I'.ritish  Government,  for  taxation  of  the  colonies  by  Act 


:^8  The  Carlylk  House 

of  Parliament,  which,  when  finally  carried  out,  resulted  in 
its  resistance,  the  independence  of  the  colonies,  and  the  for- 
mation of  the  United  States  of  America. 

"There  is  given 
Unto  the  things  of  earth,  which  Time  hath  bent, 
A  spirit's  feeling,  and  where  he  hath  leant 
His  hand,  but  broke  his  scythe,  there  is  a  power 
And  magic  in  the  ruined  battlement; 
For  which  the  palace  of  the  present  hour 
Must  yield  its  pomp,  and  wait  till  ages  are  its  dower." 


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